Polyomanephropathie nach Nierentransplantation

Zusammenfassung: Die Polyomanephropathie (BKV-Nephropathie) ist eine bekannte Komplikation nach Organtransplantation. Sie tritt interessanterweise nur nach Nierentransplantation auf und führt zu einer Funktionsverschlechterung bis hin zum Transplantatverlust. Der Artikel beschreibt Epidemiologie, Pathogenese und das genaue Management der Polyomavirusreplikation und der Polyomanephropathie. Da es keine spezifische Therapie gibt, muss die Diagnose früh erfolgen. Dies erreicht man mit einem stufenweisen Vorgehen. Als Grundlage dient die regelmäßige Untersuchung des Urins auf Decoy-Zellen. Alternativ kann auch eine BKV-PCR des Urins erfolgen. Beide Untersuchungen weisen die Replikation des Polyomavirus im Urogenitaltrakt nach. Fällt dieser Test positiv aus, muss die Viruslast mittels BKV-PCR im Blut gemessen werden. Bei einer erhöhten Viruslast (>4log10 Kopien pro ml) erfolgt ohne weitere Diagnostik die sofortige Reduktion der Immunosuppression. Durch Kontrollen der Viruslast im Blut wird der Therapieerfolg abgeschätzt und bei Bedarf die Therapie weiter angepasst. Erst bei einer Funktionsverschlechterung oder fehlendem Absinken der Viruslast muss eine Biopsie durchgeführt werde

Morbid risk of alcohol and cannabis use disorders among relatives of probands in a Nigerian Psychiatric Hospital

The generation of genetic epidemiological data in Africa to drive public education on the biological basis of substance use disorders  (SUDs), which has been popularly misconstrued as a moral failure, has become imperative, in order to encourage access to formal care by patients. This study aimed to determine the morbid risks of SUDs among the first-degree relatives (FDRs) of probands with alcohol use disorder (AUD) and cannabis use disorder (CUD), in comparison with the families of healthy control group. The study elicited information on the morbid risk of SUDs among FDRs of probands with AUD and CUD and relatives of a healthy control group through direct interview or by proxy interview of relatives using the Family Interview for Genetic Studies (FIGS). The best-estimate method was used for the diagnosis in the relatives of the probands and a comparison group. Logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the differences in proportion of the affected versus unaffected FDRs, while the Weinberger method was used to estimate morbid risks. The morbid risks among FDRs of probands with AUD and CUD were 17.5(95% CI, 17.1-17.9) and 11.6(11.2-12.0), respectively, in comparison with 7.8(95% CI, 7.6-8.0) and 5.7(95% CI, 5.5-5.9), respectively, for the FDRs of the controls. The increased  familial risk of SUDs among FDRs of probands with alcohol and cannabis use disorders in an African population is similar to that in the Western population. Therefore, preventive strategies involving the family may be useful

EFFECT OF PHYTOHORMONE AND PHENOLOGY ON DOMESTICATION OF Pentaclethra macrophylla Benth. BY MARCOTTING IN DERIVED SAVANNA ZONE OF SOUTHEAST NIGERIA

Marcotting is a method of vegetative propagation which still finds its relevance in the present day domestication and routine plant multiplication efforts of indigenous fruit trees including, Pentaclethramacrophylla (Fabaceae family). There is dearth of information regarding propagation of P. macrophyllaby marcotting. Hence effects of phytohormone application and tree phenology on P.macrophyllapropagation by marcotting were investigated in Ishiagu located in the derived savanna agro-ecological zone of South-east Nigeria. Marcotting of P. macrophylla, effect of Indole Butyric Acid (IBA) and Naphthalene Acetic Acid (NAA) phytohormones application (range 0.1% – 0.3% and 0.05% –0.1% concentrations, respectively) and different marcotting seasons were studied in field experiments. The plots were laid out in a randomized complete block design and replicated three times. Three branches of each tree replicate were marcotted at two-month interval (starting from January to November) across the year. Percent callus and adventitious roots formation, number and length of adventitious roots were assessed. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and ANOVA.Results of combined effects of IBA and NAA on rooting of marcotted branches showed that both auxin treatments had generally unimpressive adventitious root production effect on P. macrophylla at eight weeks after marcotting (WAM). The branches however, produced callus tissues freely around the girdled portions of branches,which is a definite indication of ensuing rooting process that might have been delayed. Only treatment of 0.2% IBA+0NAA gave significantly highest mean with 100% callusing at 8 WAM; while least mean (50%) callusing was produced with 0.1% IBA+0 NAA and 0.2% IBA+0.05% NAA. July marcotted branches produced significantly highest percent callus (100%), adventitious roots(75%), number of roots (2.2±0.8) and root length (34.2±8.7cm) among the different marcotting seasons

PRE-SOWING TREATMENTS FOR ENHANCED SEEDLING EMERGENCE OF PINK SHOWER (Cassia nodosa Buch. –Ham. Ex Roxb.) SEEDS IN NURSERY

Pink shower (Cassia nodosa: Fabaceae family) is a flowering shade tree used in landscape garden and parkplanting. Seeds of C.nodosa experience dormancy which delays germination and early seedling establishment,and there is limited information addressing pre-sowing treatment of the species. The experiment investigatedeffects of some pre-sowing treatments(soaking for 3, 6 and 12 hours; two water temperature regimes – 60o and80oC) on Seedling Emergence (SE) of C. nodosa.A3 x 2 factorial experiment in completely randomised designwith five replications was used. Treatments were applied on both mechanically scarified and non-scarified seeds.Daily and total SE counts were taken for 84 Days After Sowing (DAS). Data were analysed by use of simplestatistics and ANOVA at p<0.05. Results showed that days to first SE ranged from 4.4 to 5.8 DAS in scarifiedseeds, and 5.2 to 8.6 DAS in non-scarified seeds. The scarified seeds given various pre-sowing treatmentcombinations progressed beyond 50% SE at 84 DAS. Scarified seeds pre-soaked in 60°C water for 3 hours gaverelatively highest cumulative SE (76%±8.9), while least SE (32%±11.0) was obtained from non-scarified seedspre-soaked in 80°C hot water for 3 hours. In conclusion, the combination of mechanical scarification of seeds andsoaking in 60°C water for 3 hours enhanced seedling emergence of Cassia nodosa

Minat membaca sastra pelajar SMA Kelas 3 DKI Jakarta

Buku Mi11at Me111baca Sastra Pe/ajar SMA Ke/as III DKI Jakarta ini semula merupakan naskah laporan penelitian yang disusun oleh tim peneliti dari Fakultas Sastra Universitas Indonesia dalam rangka kerja sama dengan Proyek Penelitian Bahasa. dan Sastra Indonesia dan Daerah Pusat 1976/ 1977. Minat Membaca Sastra Pelajar Kelas Ill SMA DKI Jakarta ini merupakan salah satu hasil kerja sama antara Proyek Penelitian nahasa dan Sastra Indonesia dan Daerah, Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa, Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan dengan Fakultas Sastra Universitas Indonesia. Proyek ini merupakan salah satu proyek penelitian tahun 1976/ 1977 yang sepenuhnya dibiayai oleh Pusat Bahasa. Fakultas Sastra Universitas Indonesia telah diberi kepercayaan untuk melaksanakan,1ya. Untuk itu, kami mengucapkan terima kasih

Boundary Controllability and Observability of a Viscoelastic String

In this paper we consider an integrodifferential system, which governs the vibration of a viscoelastic one-dimensional object. We assume that we can act on the system at the boundary and we prove that it is possible to control both the position and the velocity at every point of the body and at a certain time $T$, large enough. We shall prove this result using moment theory and we shall prove that the solution of this problem leads to identify a Riesz sequence which solves controllability and observability. So, the result as presented here are constructive and can lead to simple numerical algorithms

Development of cutting fluid from spent engine oil

The suitability of cutting fluids formulated from spent engine oil has been considered. In the formulation, recycled Spent Engine Oil was used as a base oil, liquid washing soap as emulsifier, phenol was applied as disinfectant while sulphur served as extreme pressure agent. Analysis and comparative assessment of the physical-chemical properties of samples of cutting fluid was conducted. From the performance analysis, the optimal sample has values such as flash point, 205.92oC; pour point, -13.04 oC. Viscosity, at 40oC gave an average value of 96.06cst. At 100oC, have average value of 7.57cst. The sample has average pH value of 9.03. In corrosion grading, it rated non-corrosive. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the developed products was measured, among other parameters, through tool tip temperature, material removal rate and tool tip wear. Sample VII presented the least mean temperature of 32.5oC. Sample III presented the minimum mean value of tool tip wear. Sample VII gave the best material removal rate of 5.68g/min. From the results obtained from the analysis, the developed spent engine oil based cutting fluid samples compared favourably with the conventional cutting oil, thus making them acceptable for machining application and can also be an economical choice for use in machining processes.Keywords: Spent engine oil, Cutting Fluid, Turning, Regeneration process, Comparative assessmen