Wave-dominated siliciclastic and carbonate sedimentation in a Lower Cretaceous lake (Cameros basin, northern Spain)

De acuerdo con los datos estructurales, sedimentológicos y bioestratigráficos disponibles, la cuenca de rift del noreste de Cameros (norte de España) presenta el registro de unos 8000 metros de depósitos de sedimentos continentales de edad Jurásico Superior a Cretácico Inferior, con incursiones menores de origen marino. El propósito del presente trabajo es: (1) documentar la presencia en esta cuenca de las facies carbonatadas y silicicláslicas del Grupo Enciso: (2) proponer un modelo deposicional : y (3) realizar la reconstrucción paleoambiental de un gran sistema lacustre. Nuestro modelo deposicional está basado en la integración de datos cartográfícos con los procedentes del análisis de secciones estratigráficas. A partir del estudio de seis secciones estratigráficas, se han podido identificar tres asociaciones de facies diferentes, reconocidas a su vez en otros afloramientos del Grupo Enciso. Estas asociaciones de facies son: 1) asociación de facies de ambiente lacustre abierto 2) asociación de facies de ambiente lacustre marginal siliciclástico (canal distributario, barra de desembocadura pantanosas de shoreface Iake fringin ) y 3 ambiente 1acustre marginal de facies carbonatada (asociaciones de facies palustres dominadas por tormentas y lacustre abierta con desecación. A lo largo del tiempo se alternan dos tipos de margen 1acustre: uno silicicrástico, dominado por la acción del oleaje, y otro carbonatado según un modelo de rampa suavemente inclinada. Se sugiere que el establecimiento de estos dos tipos de depósitos lacustres estuvo controlada por factores climáticos

Urinary metabolic insights into host-gut microbial interactions in healthy and IBD children.

To identify metabolic signatures in urine samples from healthy and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) children. We applied liquid chromatography and gas chromatography coupled to targeted mass spectrometry (MS)-based metabolite profiling to identify and quantify bile acids and host-gut microbial metabolites in urine samples collected from 21 pediatric IBD patients monitored three times over one year (baseline, 6 and 12 mo), and 27 age- and gender-matched healthy children. urinary metabolic profiles of IBD children differ significantly from healthy controls. Such metabolic differences encompass central energy metabolism, amino acids, bile acids and gut microbial metabolites. In particular, levels of pyroglutamic acid, glutamic acid, glycine and cysteine, were significantly higher in IBD children in the course of the study. This suggests that glutathione cannot be optimally synthesized and replenished. Whilst alterations of the enterohepatic circulation of bile acids in pediatric IBD patients is known, we show here that non-invasive urinary bile acid profiling can assess those altered hepatic and intestinal barrier dysfunctions. The present study shows how non-invasive sampling of urine followed by targeted MS-based metabonomic analysis can elucidate and monitor the metabolic status of children with different GI health/disease status

Decay and Continuity of Boltzmann Equation in Bounded Domains

Boundaries occur naturally in kinetic equations and boundary effects are crucial for dynamics of dilute gases governed by the Boltzmann equation. We develop a mathematical theory to study the time decay and continuity of Boltzmann solutions for four basic types of boundary conditions: inflow, bounce-back reflection, specular reflection, and diffuse reflection. We establish exponential decay in $L^{\infty}$ norm for hard potentials for general classes of smooth domains near an absolute Maxwellian. Moreover, in convex domains, we also establish continuity for these Boltzmann solutions away from the grazing set of the velocity at the boundary. Our contribution is based on a new $L^{2}$ decay theory and its interplay with delicate $$ decay analysis for the linearized Boltzmann equation, in the presence of many repeated interactions with the boundary.Comment: 89 pages

Formulation and Optimization by Experimental Design of Low-Fat Mayonnaise Based on Soy Lecithin and Whey

The main objective of this study is to develop a new formula for a diet mayonnaise-like sauce without cholesterol. Emulsifying power is provided by the use of soy lecithin and the total fat content was limited to 16%. Droplet size measurement of employed mayonnaise samples at different times show that the largest diameter of fat does not exceed 18.5 µm with a yield stress of 56.1 Pa. Results of stability to centrifugation reveal that the absence of the supernatant oily layer ensures the stability of the emulsion. Using the experimental design method, the number of trials can be limited to a number of 16 experiments, and best formulation of the mayonnaise (without cholesterol) was obtained