No evidence of break-up effects on the fusion of 9Be with medium-light nuclei

AbstractFusion cross sections were measured for the 9Be+27Al and 19F+9Be, 12C systems, at energies above the Coulomb barrier, in order to investigate the possible effect of fusion hindrance due to the break-up of the weakly bound nuclei. Comparisons with one-dimensional barrier penetration models and with other similar systems, where no break-up is expected to occur, show no evidence of fusion hindrance

Real-space local polynomial basis for solid-state electronic-structure calculations: A finite-element approach

We present an approach to solid-state electronic-structure calculations based on the finite-element method. In this method, the basis functions are strictly local, piecewise polynomials. Because the basis is composed of polynomials, the method is completely general and its convergence can be controlled systematically. Because the basis functions are strictly local in real space, the method allows for variable resolution in real space; produces sparse, structured matrices, enabling the effective use of iterative solution methods; and is well suited to parallel implementation. The method thus combines the significant advantages of both real-space-grid and basis-oriented approaches and so promises to be particularly well suited for large, accurate ab initio calculations. We develop the theory of our approach in detail, discuss advantages and disadvantages, and report initial results, including the first fully three-dimensional electronic band structures calculated by the method.Comment: replacement: single spaced, included figures, added journal referenc

Nationwide Multicenter Study On The Prevalence Of Overweight And Obesity In Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus In The Brazilian Population [prevalência De Sobrepeso E Obesidade Em Pacientes Com Diabetes Mellitus Do Tipo 2 No Brasil: Estudo Multicêntrico Nacional]

Aim: To evaluate the prevalence of overweight and obesity in type 2 diabetic (DM2) outpatients from different regions of Brazil. Patients and Methods: We studied 2,519 randomly selected patients, from 11 hospitals, 2 endocrine and one general public care clinics from 10 cities. Overweight was defined as body-mass index (BMI) > 25 and obesity as BMI > 30 kg/m 2. Glycemic control (GC) was evaluated by GC index (GCI= patient's HbA 1 or HbA 1c/upper limit of normal for the method x 100). Results: 39% of the population studied was male, the mean age was 58.8 ± 11.6 y, the duration from clinical diagnosis of DM2 was 9.0 ± 7.3y, and BMI was 28.3 ± 5.2 kg/m 2. No measurements of BMI were recorded from 265 patients (10.5%). Patients from the Northeast presented lower BMI as compared with those from the Midwest, Southeast and South areas, respectively (26.4 ± 4.7 vs. 27.9 ± 4.8 vs. 29.2 ± 5.1 vs. 29.4 ± 5.4 kg/m 2; p< 0.001). A greater prevalence of obesity was observed in the Southeast and South areas as compared to the Northeast (p< 0.001), as well as in the female group, respectively (69% vs. 31%; p< 0.001). Normal weight patients presented lower GCI. Patients being treated with two or more oral drugs and an association of insulin plus oral drug presented greater BMI values than those being treated with diet, oral hypoglycemic agents and insulin p< 0.001. The BMI of patients treated by a specialist did not differ from those treated by a generalist. Conclusions: 75% of our sample was out of adequate BMI and 30% was obese. The percentage of patients with overweight and obesity was comparable to those found in similar European studies but still lower than those found in the USA. The prevalence of obesity in diabetic patients was three times higher than in the overall Brazilian population according to data from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE).501136144(1997) Obesity: Preventing and Managing the Global Epidemic, , GenevaMONICA Project: Risk Factors (1989) Int J Epidemiol, 18 (1 SUPPL.), pp. S46-55Grundy, S.M., Brewer, B., Cleeman, J.I., Smith, S.C., Lenfant, C., Report of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute/American Heart Association Conference on Scientific Issues Related to Definition (2004) Circulation, 109, pp. 433-438Knowler, W.C., Barrett-Connor, E., Fowler, S.E., Hamman, R.F., Lachin, J.M., Walker, E.A., Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin (2002) N Engl J Med, 346, pp. 393-403Erberly, L.E., Cohen, J.D., Prineas, R., Yang, L., (2003) Diabetes Care, 26, pp. 848-854. , For the Multiple Risk factor Intervention Trial Research GroupHaffner, S.M., Lehto, S., Ronemaa, T., Pyorala, K., Laakso, M., Mortality from coronary heart disease in subjects with type 2 diabetes and non diabetic subjects with and without prior myocardial infarction (1998) N Engl J Med, 339, pp. 229-234Cunha, E.F., Marques, E.P., Gomes, M.B., Perfil de pacientes diabéticos internados em Hospital Universitário do Rio de Janeiro (1995) Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab, 39, pp. 111-115Wild, S., Roglic, G., Green, A., Sicree, R., King, H., Global prevalences of diabetes. Estimates for the year 2000 and projections for 2030 (2004) Diabetes Care, 27, pp. 1047-1053(2004), http://tabnet.datasus.gov.br/tabnet/tabnet.htm#Morbidade, SetembroStratton, I.M., Adler, A.I., Neil, A.W., Matthews, D.R., Manley, S.E., Cull, C.A., Association of glycaemia with macrovascular and microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 35): Prospective observational study (2000) BMJ, 321, pp. 405-412Tight blood pressure control and risk of macrovascular and microvascular complications in type 2 diabetes: UKPDS 38 (1998) BMJ, 317, pp. 703-713MRC/BHF Heart protection study of cholesterol-lowering with simvastatin in 5963 people with diabetes: A randomized placebo-controlled trial (2003) Lancet, 361, pp. 2005-2016Bo, S., Cavallo-Perin, P., Gentile, L., Prevalence of patients reaching the targets of good control in normal clinical practice (1999) Diabetes Care, 22, p. 2092Edwards, R., Burns, J.A., McElduff, P., Young, R.J., New, J.P., Variations and outcomes of diabetes care by socio-economic status in Salford, UK (2003) Diabetologia, 46, pp. 750-759Gagliardino, J.J., Etchegoyen, G., A model educational program for people with type 2 diabetes. A cooperative Latin American implementation study (PEDNID-LA) (2001) Diabetes Care, 24, pp. 1001-1007Pyörälä, K., Lehto, S., De Bacquer, D., De Sutter, J., Sans, S., Keil, U., Risk factor management in diabetic and non-diabetic patients with coronary heart disease. Findings from the EUROSPIRE I and II surveys (2004) Diabetologia, 47, pp. 1257-1265Renehan, A., Howell, A., Preventing cancer, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes (2005) Lancet, 365, pp. 1449-1451American Diabetes Association: Clinical Practice Recommendations 2004: Position Statement (2004) Diabetes Care, 27 (1 SUPPL.), pp. S15-35Chase, H.P., Jackson, W.E., Hoops, S.L., Cockerham, R.S., Archer, P.G., O'Brien, D., Glucose control and the renal and retinal complications of insulin-dependent diabetes (1989) JAMA, 261, pp. 1155-1160Calle, E.E., Thun, M.J., Petrelli, J.M., Rodriguez, C., Heath, C.W., Body-mass index and mortality in a prospective cohort of US adults (1999) N Engl J Med, 341, pp. 1097-1105The Seventh report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC VII) (2003) JAMA, 289, pp. 2560-2572De Backer, G., Evidence-based goals (2000) Atherosclerosis, (2 SUPPL.), pp. 13-17Hippisley-Cox, J., Pringle, M., Prevalence, care, and outcomes for patients with diet-controlled diabetes in general practice: Cross-sectional survey (2004) Lancet, 364, pp. 423-428Davidson, M.B., Diabetes research and diabetes care. Where did we stand? (1998) Diabetes Care, 21, pp. 2152-2160McClain, M.R., Wenneberg, D.E., Sherwin, R.W., Steinmann, W.C., Rice, J.C., Trends in the diabetes quality improvement project measures in Maine from 1994 to 1999 (2003) Diabetes Care, 26, pp. 597-601Brown, J.B., Nichols, G.A., Perry, A.P., The burden of treatment failure in type 2 diabetes (2004) Diabetes Care, 27, pp. 1535-1540McFarlane, S.I., Jacober, S.J., Winer, N., Kaur, J., Castro, J.P., Wui, M.L.A., Control of cardiovascular risk factors in patients with diabetes and hypertension at urban academic medical centers (2002) Diabetes Care, 25, pp. 718-723Suwattee, P., Lynch, J.C., Pendergrass, M.L., Quality of care for diabetic patients in a large urban public hospital (2003) Diabetes Care, 26, pp. 563-568Saydah, S.H., Fradkin, J., Cowie, C.C., Poor control of risk factors for vascular disease among adults with previously diagnosed diabetes (2004) JAMA, 291, pp. 335-342Renders, C.M., Valk, G.D., Franse, L.V., Schellevis, F.G., Van Eijik, J.T., Van Der Wal, G., Long-term effectiveness of a quality improvement program for patients with type 2 diabetes in general practice (2001) Diabetes Care, 24, pp. 1365-1370Sichieri, R., Coutinho, D.C., Leão, M.M., Elisabetta, R., Everhart, J.E., High temporal, geographic, and income variation in body mass index among adults in Brazil (1994) Am J Pub Health, 84, pp. 793-798Monteiro, C.A., Conde, W.L., A tendência secular da obesidade segundo estratos sociais: Nordeste e Sudeste do Brasil, 1975-1989-1997 (1999) Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab, 43, pp. 186-194(2005) Consumer Expenditure Survey, , http://www.ibge.gov.br/english, 28 de abrilSchaan, B.A., Harzheim, E., Gus, I., Perfil de risco cardíaco no diabetes mellitus e na glicemia de jejum alterada (2004) Rev Saúde Pública, 38, pp. 529-536Isoma, B., Almgren, P., Henricsson, M., Chronic complications in patients with slowly progressing autoimmune type 1 diabetes (LADA) (1999) Diabetes Care, 22, pp. 1347-1353Koro, C.E., Bowlin, S.J., Bourgeouis, N., Fedder, D.O., Glycemic control from 1998 to 2000 among US adults diagnosed with type 2 diabetes (2004) Diabetes Care, 27, pp. 17-20Grant, R.W., Buse, J.B., Meigs, J.B., (2005) Diabetes Care, 28, p. 337. , Diabetes Benchmarking Project TeamFleming, B., Greenfield, S., Engelgau, M.M., Pogach, L.M., Clauser, S.B., Parrot, M.A., The diabetes quality improvement project (2003) Diabetes Care, 24, pp. 1815-182

Bagaço de mandioca na ensilagem do capim-elefante: qualidade das silagens e digestibilidade dos nutrientes Cassava bagasse in elephant grass ensilage: quality of the silage and digestibility of the nutrients

Utilizaram-se 16 novilhas ¾ Holandês-Zebu com idade média de 15 meses e peso médio inicial de 144kg, para avaliar o efeito da adição de diferentes níveis (5; 10; 15 e 20%) de bagaço de mandioca na ensilagem do capim-elefante (Pennisetum purpureum, Schum) sobre a qualidade e a digestibilidade dos nutrientes da dieta. Os tratamentos consistiram de quatro dietas contendo, como volumoso, silagem de capim-elefante com quatro diferentes níveis de bagaço de mandioca, mais concentrado balanceado, com quatro repetições por tratamento. Avaliou-se a qualidade das silagens, os consumos de nutrientes das dietas e as digestibilidades dos nutrientes das silagens e das dietas totais. O bagaço de mandioca elevou o teor de matéria seca (MS) da silagem, preservando-a com o pH que variou de 3,85 a 4,07 e a relação N-NH3/NT de 6,2 a 7,85. Os consumos médios diários de MS e proteína bruta (PB) não diferiram entre os tratamentos (P>0,05). Os consumos médios de fibra em detergente neutro (FDN) e fibra em detergente ácido (FDA) apresentaram comportamento linear decrescente (P<0,05) com o aumento dos níveis de bagaço de mandioca. Não foi detectada diferença entre os tratamentos (P>0,05) na digestibilidade da MS (DMS), da FDN (DFDN) e da FDA (DFDA) das silagens. Os nutrientes digestíveis totais (NDT) das silagens foram semelhantes em todos os tratamentos. A digestibilidade da PB (DPB), do extrato etéreo (DEE) e dos carboidratos não-fibrosos (DCNF) das silagens decresceu linearmente (P<0,05) com o aumento do nível do bagaço de mandioca nas silagens. Constatou-se que não houve diferença (P>0,05) na DMS, DPB, DFDN, DFDA, DEE, DCNF e NDT entre as dietas experimentais. O nível de adição de 5% de bagaço de mandioca à silagem de capim-elefante é satisfatório para sua preservação, propiciando boa digestibilidade.<br>Sixteen ¾ Holstein-Zebu heifers aging 15 month-old averaging 144kg were used to evaluate the effect of the additions of different levels of cassava bagasse (5; 10; 15 and 20%) to elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum, Schum) ensilage on the diet quality and nutrients digestibility. The treatments consisted of four diets containing, as roughage, elephant grass silage with four different levels of cassava bagasse plus balanced concentrate, with four repetitions per treatment. Silages quality, diet nutrients intake and nutrients digestibility of the silages and total diets were evaluated. Cassava bagasse increased the dry matter (DM) content, of the silages preserving them with a pH varying from 3.85 to 4.07 and N-NH3/NT ratio from 6.2 to 7.85. Daily dry matter and crude protein (CP) mean intakes did not differ among the treatments (P>0.05). Neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) mean intakes showed a decreasing linear behavior (P<0.05) with the increase of cassava bagasse levels. There was no detected difference among the treatments (P>0.05) for DM (DMD), NDF (NDFD) and ADF digestibility (ADFD). The total digestible nutrients (TDN) of the silages were similar in all the treatments. The CP (CPD), ether extract (EED) and non-fiber carbohydrates digestibility (NFCD) of the silages decreased linearly (P<0.05) with the increase of cassava bagasse levels. There was no difference (P>0.05) in DMD, CPD, NDFD, ADFD, EED, NFCD and TDN among the experimental diets. The 5% cassava bagasse addition to its elephant grass silage was satisfactory to preservation resulting in good digestibility of the elephant grass silage

Composição química e de ácidos graxos do músculo longissimus dorsi e da gordura subcutânea de tourinhos Red Norte e Nelore Chemical composition and of fatty acids of the muscle longissimus dorsi and backfat of Red Norte and young Nellore bulls

Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a composição química e o perfil de ácidos graxos do músculo longissimus dorsi e da gordura subcutânea de tourinhos Red Norte e Nelore terminados em confinamento. Utilizaram-se 44 animais, sendo 22 Red Norte com peso vivo inicial médio de 367±30 kg e 22 do grupo Nelore com peso vivo inicial médio de 361±30 kg. Os animais receberam ração à vontade durante 112 dias e foram abatidos com 519 e 482 kg, respectivamente. Amostras do músculo longissimus dorsi e da gordura subcutânea foram coletadas 24 horas após abate entre a 12ª e 13ª costelas para análise da composição centesimal e do perfil de ácidos graxos. As análises de ácidos graxos foram realizadas por meio de cromatografia gasosa, em coluna capilar de 100 m. Não houve diferença na composição química da carne entre os grupos genéticos. Nos animais Red Norte, foram maiores os teores dos ácidos graxos pentadecanoico, palmítico, palmitoleico, linoleico e ácido linoleico conjugado (CLA), enquanto nos animais Nelore foi encontrado o maior teor de ácido oleico. O músculo longissimus dorsi apresentou maiores teores dos ácidos láurico, heptadecenoico, esteárico, linoleico, &#945;-linolênico e araquidônico. Em comparação ao músculo longissimus dorsi, na gordura subcutânea foram maiores os teores dos ácidos mirístico, miristoleico, pentadecanoico, palmítico, palmitoleico, oleico e CLA. Os animais Red Norte apresentaram maiores teores de ácidos graxos saturados em comparação aos Nelore. Em bovinos, o perfil de ácidos graxos depositados no músculo é diferente do observado na gordura subcutânea. O perfil de ácidos graxos da carne de tourinhos difere entre grupos genéticos.<br>The objective of this study was to evaluate the chemical composition and the fatty acid profile of the longissimus dorsi muscle and the backfat thickness of Red Norte and Nellore young bulls finished in feedlot. Fourty-four animals (22 Red Norte with initial average weight of 367±30 kg and 22 Nellore at initial average weight of 361±30 kg) were used. The animals were fed ad libitum during 112 days, slaughtered at 519 and 482 kg, respectively. Samples of the longissimus dorsi muscle and backfat thickness were collected 24 hours after slaughter between the 12th and 13th ribs for analysis of the chemical composition and the fatty acids profile. Fatty acid analyses were performed by gas chromatography with a 100-m capillary column. There was no difference for the chemical composition of the meat between the genetic groups. Red Norte animals showed higher contents of pentadecanoic, palmitic, palmitoleic, linoleic and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) fatty acids, while Nellore animals had the highest content of oleic acid. The muscle longissimus dorsi showed greater concentrations of lauric, heptadecenoic, stearic, linoleic, &#945;-linoleic and arachidonic acids. Comparing the fatty acid deposited in the longissimus dorsi muscle with backfat thickness, the latter showed higher contents of miristic, miristoleic, pentadecanoic, palmitic, palmitoleic, oleic and CLA acids. Red Norte animals showed higher contents of saturated fatty acid than Nellore. In bovine, the profile of fatty acids deposited in the muscle is different than the that in the backfat thickness. The fatty acids profile of the meat from young bulls differs between genetic groups