563 research outputs found
Singularities in ternary mixtures of k-core percolation
Heterogeneous k-core percolation is an extension of a percolation model which
has interesting applications to the resilience of networks under random damage.
In this model, the notion of node robustness is local, instead of global as in
uniform k-core percolation. One of the advantages of k-core percolation models
is the validity of an analytical mathematical framework for a large class of
network topologies. We study ternary mixtures of node types in random networks
and show the presence of a new type of critical phenomenon. This scenario may
have useful applications in the stability of large scale infrastructures and
the description of glass-forming systems.Comment: To appear in Complex Networks, Studies in Computational Intelligence,
Proceedings of CompleNet 201
Selection rules for J^PC Exotic Hybrid Meson Decay in Large-N_c
The coupling of a neutral hybrid {1,3,5...}^-+ exotic particle (or current)
to two neutral (hybrid) meson particles with the same J^PC and J=0 is proved to
be sub-leading to the usual large-N_c QCD counting. The coupling of the same
exotic particle to certain two - (hybrid) meson currents with the same J^PC and
J=0 is also sub-leading. The decay of a {1,3,5...}^-+ hybrid to eta pi^0, eta'
pi^0, eta' eta, eta(1295) pi^0, pi(1300)^0 pi0, eta(1440) pi^0, a_0(980)^0
sigma or f_0(980) sigma is sub-leading, assuming that these final state
particles are (hybrid) mesons in the limit of large N_c.Comment: 16 pages, LaTeX. Main paper shortened/rewritten and appendices
expanded. Implications for phenomenology of exotic hybrid mesons clarifie
(Field) Symmetrization Selection Rules
QCD and QED exhibit an infinite set of three-point Green's functions that
contain only OZI rule violating contributions, and (for QCD) are subleading in
the large N_c expansion. The Green's functions describe the ``decay'' of a
J^{PC}={1,3,5 ...}^{-+} exotic hybrid meson current to two J=0 (hybrid) meson
currents with identical P and C. We prove that the QCD amplitude for a neutral
hybrid {1,3,5 ...}^{-+} exotic current to create eta pi0 only comes from OZI
rule violating contributions under certain conditions, and is subleading in
N_c.Comment: 20 pages, LaTeX. Two postscript figures. Final published versio
Cooling atomic motion with quantum interference
We theoretically investigate the quantum dynamics of the center of mass of
trapped atoms, whose internal degrees of freedom are driven in a
-shaped configuration with the lasers tuned at two-photon resonance.
In the Lamb-Dicke regime, when the motional wave packet is well localized over
the laser wavelenght, transient coherent population trapping occurs, cancelling
transitions at the laser frequency. In this limit the motion can be efficiently
cooled to the ground state of the trapping potential. We derive an equation for
the center-of-mass motion by adiabatically eliminating the internal degrees of
freedom. This treatment provides the theoretical background of the scheme
presented in [G. Morigi {\it et al}, Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 85}, 4458 (2000)]
and implemented in [C.F. Roos {\it et al}, Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 85}, 5547
(2000)]. We discuss the physical mechanisms determining the dynamics and
identify new parameters regimes, where cooling is efficient. We discuss
implementations of the scheme to cases where the trapping potential is not
harmonic.Comment: 11 pages, 3 figure
Human antibody titers to Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) gp350 correlate with neutralization of infectivity better than antibody titers to EBV gp42 using a rapid flow cytometry-based EBV neutralization assay
Measurement of neutralizing antibodies to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is important for evaluation of candidate vaccines. The current neutralization assay is based on antibody inhibition of EBV transformation of B cells and requires 6 weeks to perform. We developed a rapid, quantitative flow cytometry assay and show that neutralizing antibody titers measured by the new assay strongly correlate with antibody titers in the standard transformation-based assay. Antibodies to EBV gp350 and gp42 have been shown to block infection of B cells by EBV. Using new assays to quantify antibodies to these glycoproteins, we show for the first time that human plasma contains high titers of antibody to gp42; these titers correlate with neutralization of EBV infectivity or transformation. Furthermore, we show that antibody titers to EBV gp350 correlate more strongly with neutralization than antibody titers to gp42. These assays should be useful in accessing antibody responses to candidate EBV vaccines
Quantum jumps induced by the center-of-mass motion of a trapped atom
We theoretically study the occurrence of quantum jumps in the resonance
fluorescence of a trapped atom. Here, the atom is laser cooled in a
configuration of level such that the occurrence of a quantum jump is associated
to a change of the vibrational center-of-mass motion by one phonon. The
statistics of the occurrence of the dark fluorescence period is studied as a
function of the physical parameters and the corresponding features in the
spectrum of resonance fluorescence are identified. We discuss the information
which can be extracted on the atomic motion from the observation of a quantum
jump in the considered setup
Raman spectroscopy of a single ion coupled to a high-finesse cavity
We describe an ion-based cavity-QED system in which the internal dynamics of
an atom is coupled to the modes of an optical cavity by vacuum-stimulated Raman
transitions. We observe Raman spectra for different excitation polarizations
and find quantitative agreement with theoretical simulations. Residual motion
of the ion introduces motional sidebands in the Raman spectrum and leads to ion
delocalization. The system offers prospects for cavity-assisted
resolved-sideband ground-state cooling and coherent manipulation of ions and
photons.Comment: 8 pages, 6 figure
Effective interaction for pf-shell nuclei
An effective interaction is derived for use in the full pf basis. Starting
from a realistic G-matrix interaction, 195 two-body matrix elements and 4
single-particle energies are determined by fitting to 699 energy data in the
mass range 47 to 66. The derived interaction successfully describes various
structures of pf-shell nuclei. As examples, systematics of the energies of the
first 2+ states in the Ca, Ti, Cr, Fe, and Ni isotope chains and energy levels
of 56,57,58Ni are presented. The appearance of a new magic number 34 is seen.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, to be published in Phys. Rev.
Decoherence and Programmable Quantum Computation
An examination of the concept of using classical degrees of freedom to drive
the evolution of quantum computers is given. Specifically, when externally
generated, coherent states of the electromagnetic field are used to drive
transitions within the qubit system, a decoherence results due to the back
reaction from the qubits onto the quantum field. We derive an expression for
the decoherence rate for two cases, that of the single-qubit Walsh-Hadamard
transform, and for an implementation of the controlled-NOT gate. We examine the
impact of this decoherence mechanism on Grover's search algorithm, and on the
proposals for use of error-correcting codes in quantum computation.Comment: submitted to Phys. Rev. A 35 double-spaced pages, 2 figures, in LaTe
Theoretical Study of One-dimensional Chains of Metal Atoms in Nanotubes
Using first-principles total-energy pseudopotential calculations, we have
studied the properties of chains of potassium and aluminum in nanotubes. For BN
tubes, there is little interaction between the metal chains and the tubes, and
the conductivity of these tubes is through carriers located at the inner part
of the tube. In contrast, for small radius carbon nanotubes, there are two
types of interactions: charge-transfer (dominant for alkali atoms) leading to
strong ionic cohesion, and hybridization (for multivalent metal atoms)
resulting in a smaller cohesion. For Al-atomic chains in carbon tubes, we show
that both effects contribute. New electronic properties related to these
confined atomic chains of metal are analyzed.Comment: 12 pages + 3 figure
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