THE NOCTUIDS (LEPIDOPTERA NOCTUIDAE) DANGEROUS TO FOOD AND INDUSTRIAL CROPS IN FRENCH GUIANA

Une revue des principales productions agricoles guyanaises est faite en signalant les problèmes que posent les Lepidopteres noctuidae aux cultures dans cette region. Une liste des noctuelles nuisibles aux cultures industrielles et vivrieres en Guyane française, ou susceptibles de la devenir, est presentee. Cette liste inclue des references provenant d'autres pays de la zone neotropicale. Des donnees sont fournies sur la biologie des principales especes ainsi que sur les méthodes de lutte employees en Guyane française contre ces insectes. ----- Here is a review of the principal agricultural productions in French Guiana, pointing out the problems caused on the crops in this region by noctuid moths. We present a list of noctuids harmful, or capable of becoming harmful, to industrial and food crops in French Guiana. This list includes references arising from other countries in the neotropical zone. The data is furnished upon the biology of the main species, as well as on the methods employed to control these pests in French Guiana

Etude Preliminaire a l'Utilisation de Deux Baculovirus dans la Lutte Contre Spodoptera frugiperda en Prairie Guyanaise a Digitaria swazilandensis

Demi baculovirus, une granulose (GV) et une polyédrose nucléaire (NPV) ont été isolés parmi les pathogènes présents sur Spodoptera frugipmia 0-E. Smirh) en Guyane franfaise. Les rests réalisés au laboratoire monrrent que la granulose provoque une mortalité larvaire différée accompagnée d'une augmentarion du nombre de stades larvaires. Une réduction de consommation est observable chez les larves aneintes de cette maladie. La mortalité survient plus rapidement pour les larves atteintes de polyédrose nucléaire. Les deux germes provoquent une mor-taliré plus imponante sur des larves de jeunes stades. La présence des gt·rmes dans les conditions narurelies reste insuffisante pour réguler les populations larvaires de Spodoptua frugiperda sur prairies artificielles à Digitaria swa%ilandensis Stene, suggérant la nécessité d'une intervention eo vue de proréger cette culture. Les modes d'utilisation des deux baculovirus sont envisagés pour la lune concte Spodoptera frugiperda en prairie guyanaise

Role of a chromium ion implantation on the corrosion behaviour of nickel in artificial sea water

Ni bulk specimens have been implanted with Cr ions (60 keV, 4.1016 ions/cm2), and classical corrosion experiments performed in artificial sea water by means of potentiodynamics i(E) and potentiostatics i(t) studies. Both experiments show that an important decrease of the current density is obtained in comparison with pure nickel. Moreover, a significant extension of the passivation region can be observed, with mainly an increase of the pitting potential. This behaviour is respectively related to an X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis of the passive film formed on Ni (Ni, Cr and O environments), and to previous results obtained on similar alloys

Partie 2 : Aires protégées et gérées, terrestres et marines

Atelier Biodiversité en Océanie, Nouméa, NCL, 24-/06/2019 - 25/06/2019Face à l’urgence de préserver la biodiversité, les aires protégées répondent à la nécessité d’appliquer un principe de précaution (valeur d’option) sur le vivant et son évolution à l’échelle mondiale. Dans le contexte océanien, pour être efficace en matière de préservation de la biodiversité et être soutenu socialement et politiquement, il est incontournable d’articuler l’agenda mondial de lutte contre l’effondrement de la biodiversité à la préservation des modes de vie locaux et des services que les populations tirent de la biodiversité.Préserver la biodiversité et les services écosystémiques à travers les aires protégées doit consolider la contribution de la nature au bien-être des Océaniens

A phylogeny of Drosophilidae using the Amyrel gene: questioning the Drosophila melanogaster species group boundaries

Correspondance: [email protected] audienceIn this study, the phylogenetic relationships of 164 species of the family Drosophilidae are discussed, using the Amyrel gene, a member of the α-amylase multigene family. This study focuses on numerous species groups in the subgenera Sophophora and Drosophila of the genus Drosophila but also includes other closely related genera. Nucleotide data were analysed by several methods: maximum parsimony, neighbour joining, maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference. Heterogeneity of base composition (mainly low GC contents in the species groups willistoni and saltans) has been addressed. In all analyses, the genus Drosophila appeared paraphyletic. The subgenus Sophophora clearly appeared to be a monophyletic group, showing well-resolved clades, with the Neotropical groups arising in a basal position. Here, it is proposed to raise the species subgroups ananassae and montium to the rank of species group, and to restrict the melanogaster species group to the melanogaster subgroup plus the `Oriental' subgroups, among which the suzukii subgroup is polyphyletic. Some related genera such as Zaprionus, Liodrosophila, Scaptomyza and Hirtodrosophila are clustered with, or inside the subgenus Drosophila, which is therefore paraphyletic and should be reviewe

Protected and managed terrestrial and marine areas

Workshop Biodiversity in Oceania, Nouméa, NCL, 24-/06/2019 - 25/06/2019As we are facing the urgency of safeguarding biodiversity, protected areas address the need to apply a precautionary principle (option value) to living things and their evolution at a global scale. In Oceania, for effective, socially and politically sustainable conservation of biodiversity, it is essential to reconcile the global agenda, designed to prevent the collapse of biodiversity, with the preservation of local lifestyles and the services that people get from biodiversity. Preserving biodiversity and ecosystem services using protected areas must consolidate Nature's contribution to the well-being of Oceanians

Influence of laser vibrational excitations of ethylene molecules in laser-assisted combustion diamond synthesis

Laser-induced vibrational excitation of ethylene molecules was integrated to the CVD diamond deposition process for an in-depth understanding of the energy coupling path in chemical reactions and an alternative method to enhance the diamond deposition. On- and off-resonance excitations of ethylene molecules were achieved via tuning the incident laser wavelengths centered at 10.532 µm. With the same amount of laser power absorbed, the chemical reaction is highly accelerated with on-resonance vibrational excitation whereas energy coupling with off-resonance excitations was less efficient in influencing the combustion process. The diamond deposition rate was enhanced by a factor of 5.7 accompanied with an improvement of diamond quality index with the on-resonance excitation at 10.532 μm. The measured flame temperature demonstrated that the resonant vibrational excitation was an efficient route for coupling energy into the reactant molecules and steering the combustion process