On the Nature of the party statute

国内学者对于“党内法规”的研究相对完善，在不同角度分别给出了不同的定义，综合的来看我们可以将“党内法规”这一个宏观概念诠释为包含了法律、纪律、行政规范以及制度建设等多个方面。在本文的研究中我们应该严谨地来探讨“党内法规”的本意，并从中找到我们是在什么意义上或什么层面上使用这个概念。这样便于我们有效地进行有关的科学探讨。 在当前理论研究中，学术界对于“党内法规”这个提法是有一定争议的。有学者认为，“由于‘党内法规’这一提法不能准确地将党的规章制度与国家法律法规相区别，建议用‘党的纪律’代替‘党内法规’的相关定义，此种提法是相对准确的。同时，部分研究人员从法学的角度给出了不同的定义，其认为法规与..." Party regulations," the word as a concept , there are many inherent meanings , including party discipline , party system , the party's legal . From the party's history, " the party regulations," often from a different angle or significance used up . As an academic discussion , we should rigorously to explore the "inner regulations," the intention , and find meaning in what we are or what level t...学位：法律硕士院系专业：法学院法律系_法律硕士(JM)学号：X200812014

Event-by-Event Fluctuations in Particle Multiplicities and Transverse Energy Produced in 158.A GeV Pb+Pb collisions

Event-by-event fluctuations in the multiplicities of charged particles and photons, and the total transverse energy in 158$\cdot A$ GeV Pb+Pb collisions are studied for a wide range of centralities. For narrow centrality bins the multiplicity and transverse energy distributions are found to be near perfect Gaussians. The effect of detector acceptance on the multiplicity fluctuations has been studied and demonstrated to follow statistical considerations. The centrality dependence of the charged particle multiplicity fluctuations in the measured data has been found to agree reasonably well with those obtained from a participant model. However for photons the multiplicity fluctuations has been found to be lower compared to those obtained from a participant model. The multiplicity and transverse energy fluctuations have also been compared to those obtained from the VENUS event generator.Comment: To appear in Physical Review C; changes : more detailed discussion on errors and few figures modifie