Quantum Lattice Solitons

The number state method is used to study soliton bands for three anharmonic quantum lattices: i) The discrete nonlinear Schr\"{o}dinger equation, ii) The Ablowitz-Ladik system, and iii) A fermionic polaron model. Each of these systems is assumed to have $f$-fold translational symmetry in one spatial dimension, where $f$ is the number of freedoms (lattice points). At the second quantum level $(n=2)$ we calculate exact eigenfunctions and energies of pure quantum states, from which we determine binding energy $(E_{\rm b})$, effective mass $(m^{*})$ and maximum group velocity $(V_{\rm m})$ of the soliton bands as functions of the anharmonicity in the limit $f \to \infty$. For arbitrary values of $n$ we have asymptotic expressions for $E_{\rm b}$, $m^{*}$, and $V_{\rm m}$ as functions of the anharmonicity in the limits of large and small anharmonicity. Using these expressions we discuss and describe wave packets of pure eigenstates that correspond to classical solitons.Comment: 21 pages, 1 figur

Observation of the photorefractive effect in a polymer

We report the first observation of the photorefractive effect in a polymeric material, the electro-optic polymer bisphenol-A-diglycidylether 4-nitro-1,2-phenylenediamine made photoconductive by doping with the hole-transport agent diethylamino-benzaldehyde diphenylhydrazone. The gratings formed exhibit dynamic writing and erasure, strong electric-field dependence, polarization anisotropy, and estimated space-charge fields up to 26 kV/cm at an applied field of 126 kV/cm. Application of similar concepts should provide a broad new class of easily fabricated photorefractive materials

Real-Time Image Analysis of Living Cellular-Biology Measurements of Intelligent Chemistry

This paper reports on the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) DOE Initiative in Image Science and Technology (ISAT) research, which is developing algorithms and software tool sets for remote sensing and biological applications. In particular, the PNNL ISAT work is applying these research results to the automated analysis of real-time cellular biology imagery to assist the biologist in determining the correct data collection region for the current state of a conglomerate of living cells in three-dimensional motion. The real-time computation of the typical 120 MB/sec multi-spectral data sets is executed in a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) technology, which has very high processing rates due to large-scale parallelism. The outcome of this artificial vision work will allow the biologist to work with imagery as a creditable set of dye-tagged chemistry measurements in formats for individual cell tracking through regional feature extraction, and animation visualization through individual object isolation/characterization of the microscopy imagery

THE HELIUM PURIFICATION SYSTEM FOR THE PROPOSED 800 MWT PEBBLE BED REACTOR

A helium coolant purification system was designed for the proposed 800 Mwt Pebble Bed Reactor. The purification system will operate on a coolant side steam with a flow rate 1% of the total coolant flow, and there are provisions for radioactive and nonradioactive contamination removal. Primary equipment components are dual oxidizers, an economizer heat exchanger, a gas cooler, dual absorbers, a fission-product gas-delay trap, and dual filters. The fission- product trap is sized to provide a hold-up of 30 min for krypton and 6 hr for xenon and for 99.9% retention of iodine. Nonradioactive decontamination is sufficient to maintain oxygen bearing contamination at < 30 ppm in the coolant. Total cost of the system excluding auxiliary equipment and containment was estimated to be 6,360. (auth

Fast energy transfer mediated by multi-quanta bound states in a nonlinear quantum lattice

By using a Generalized Hubbard model for bosons, the energy transfer in a nonlinear quantum lattice is studied, with special emphasis on the interplay between local and nonlocal nonlinearity. For a strong local nonlinearity, it is shown that the creation of v quanta on one site excites a soliton band formed by bound states involving v quanta trapped on the same site. The energy is first localized on the excited site over a significant timescale and then slowly delocalizes along the lattice. As when increasing the nonlocal nonlinearity, a faster dynamics occurs and the energy propagates more rapidly along the lattice. Nevertheless, the larger is the number of quanta, the slower is the dynamics. However, it is shown that when the nonlocal nonlinearity reaches a critical value, the lattice suddenly supports a very fast energy propagation whose dynamics is almost independent on the number of quanta. The energy is transfered by specific bound states formed by the superimposition of states involving v-p quanta trapped on one site and p quanta trapped on the nearest neighbour sites, with p=0,..,v-1. These bound states behave as independent quanta and they exhibit a dynamics which is insensitive to the nonlinearity and controlled by the single quantum hopping constant.Comment: 28 pages, 8 figure

On quantization of weakly nonlinear lattices. Envelope solitons

A way of quantizing weakly nonlinear lattices is proposed. It is based on introducing "pseudo-field" operators. In the new formalism quantum envelope solitons together with phonons are regarded as elementary quasi-particles making up boson gas. In the classical limit the excitations corresponding to frequencies above linear cut-off frequency are reduced to conventional envelope solitons. The approach allows one to identify the quantum soliton which is localized in space and understand existence of a narrow soliton frequency band.Comment: 5 pages. Phys. Rev. E (to appear