New intensity and visibility aspects of a double loop neutron interferometer

Various phase shifters and absorbers can be put into the arms of a double loop neutron interferometer. The mean intensity levels of the forward and diffracted beams behind an empty four plate interferometer of this type have been calculated. It is shown that the intensities in the forward and diffracted direction can be made equal using certain absorbers. In this case the interferometer can be regarded as a 50/50 beam splitter. Furthermore the visibilities of single and double loop interferometers are compared to each other by varying the transmission in the first loop using different absorbers. It can be shown that the visibility becomes exactly 1 using a phase shifter in the second loop. In this case the phase shifter in the second loop must be strongly correlated to the transmission coefficient of the absorber in the first loop. Using such a device homodyne-like measurements of very weak signals should become possible.Comment: 12 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in the Journal of Optics B - Quantum and Semiclassical Optic

Probing nuclear skins and halos with elastic electron scattering

I investigate the elastic electron scattering off nuclei far from the stability line. The effects of the neutron and proton skins and halos on the differential cross sections are explored. Examples are given for the charge distribution in Sn isotopes and its relation to the neutron skin. The neutron halo in $^{11}$Li and the proton halo in $^{8}$B are also investigated. Particular interest is paid to the inverse scattering problem and its dependence on the experimental precision. These studies are of particular interest for the upcoming electron ion colliders at the GSI and RIKEN facilities.Comment: 27 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in J. Phys.

Aperiodic quantum oscillations of particle-hole asymmetric Dirac cones

We report experimental measurements and theoretical analysis of Shubnikov-de Haas (SdH) oscillations in a Dirac cone system: the a-(BEDT-TTF)2I3 organic metal under hydrostatic pressure. The measured SdH oscillations reveal anomalies at high magnetic fields B where the 1/B oscillations periodicity is lost above 7 T. We interpret these unusual results within a theoretical model that takes into account intrinsic distortions of the a-(BEDT-TTF)2I3 Dirac cones such as a parabolic particle-hole asymmetric correction. Others possible causes, such as a cone tilting or a Zeeman effect, are carefully ruled out. The observations are consistent among a-(BEDT-TTF)2I3 samples with different Fermi levels

Effect of Long-lived Strongly Interacting Relic Particles on Big Bang Nucleosynthesis

It has been suggested that relic long-lived strongly interacting massive particles (SIMPs, or $X$ particles) existed in the early universe. We study effects of such long-lived unstable SIMPs on big bang nucleosynthesis (BBN) assuming that such particles existed during the BBN epoch, but then decayed long before they could be detected. The interaction strength between an $X$ particle and a nucleon is assumed to be similar to that between nucleons. We then calculate BBN in the presence of the unstable neutral charged $X^0$ particles taking into account the capture of $X^0$ particles by nuclei to form $X$-nuclei. We also study the nuclear reactions and beta decays of $X$-nuclei. We find that SIMPs form bound states with normal nuclei during a relatively early epoch of BBN. This leads to the production of heavy elements which remain attached to them. Constraints on the abundance of $X^0$ particles during BBN are derived from observationally inferred limits on the primordial light element abundances. Particle models which predict long-lived colored particles with lifetimes longer than $\sim$ 200 s are rejected based upon these constraints.Comment: 19 pages, 4 figure

A Detailed Monte-Carlo Simulation for the Belle TOF System

We have developed a detailed Monte Carlo simulation program for the Belle TOF system. Based on GEANT simulation, it takes account of all physics processes in the TOF scintillation counters and readout electronics. The simulation reproduces very well the performance of the Belle TOF system, including the dE/dx response, the time walk effect, the time resolution, and the hit efficiency due to beam background. In this report, we will describe the Belle TOF simulation program in detail.Comment: To be submitted to NI

Decoherence, fluctuations and Wigner function in neutron optics

We analyze the coherence properties of neutron wave packets, after they have interacted with a phase shifter undergoing different kinds of statistical fluctuations. We give a quantitative (and operational) definition of decoherence and compare it to the standard deviation of the distribution of the phase shifts. We find that in some cases the neutron ensemble is more coherent, even though it has interacted with a wider (i.e. more disordered) distribution of shifts. This feature is independent of the particular definition of decoherence: this is shown by proposing and discussing an alternative definition, based on the Wigner function, that displays a similar behavior. We briefly discuss the notion of entropy of the shifts and find that, in general, it does not correspond to that of decoherence of the neutron.Comment: 18 pages, 7 figure

Very High Energy Gamma Rays from PSR1706-44

We have obtained evidence of gamma-ray emission above 1 TeV from PSR1706-44, using a ground-based telescope of the atmospheric \v{C}erenkov imaging type located near Woomera, South Australia. This object, a $\gamma$-ray source discovered by the COS B satellite (2CG342-02), was identified with the radio pulsar through the discovery of a 102 ms pulsed signal with the EGRET instrument of the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory. The flux of the present observation above a threshold of 1 TeV is $\bf \sim$ 1 $\cdot$ 10$^{-11}$ photons cm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$, which is two orders of magnitude smaller than the extrapolation from GeV energies. The analysis is not restricted to a search for emission modulated with the 102 ms period, and the reported flux is for all $\gamma$-rays from PSR1706-44, pulsed and unpulsed. The energy output in the TeV region corresponds to about 10$^{-3}$ of the spin down energy loss rate of the neutron star.Comment: 13 pages, latex format (article), 2 figures include

Impact of Implementing Delirium Precautions on Pharmacological and Non-Pharmacological Interventions in a Veteran Inpatient Hospice Population

Retrospective Study from July 2017 thru January 2019 on United States veteran admitted to Edward Hines Jr. Veterans Medical Center\u27s inpatient hospice unit who developed terminal delirium on their last days of life

Automated Reasoning and Presentation Support for Formalizing Mathematics in Mizar

This paper presents a combination of several automated reasoning and proof presentation tools with the Mizar system for formalization of mathematics. The combination forms an online service called MizAR, similar to the SystemOnTPTP service for first-order automated reasoning. The main differences to SystemOnTPTP are the use of the Mizar language that is oriented towards human mathematicians (rather than the pure first-order logic used in SystemOnTPTP), and setting the service in the context of the large Mizar Mathematical Library of previous theorems,definitions, and proofs (rather than the isolated problems that are solved in SystemOnTPTP). These differences poses new challenges and new opportunities for automated reasoning and for proof presentation tools. This paper describes the overall structure of MizAR, and presents the automated reasoning systems and proof presentation tools that are combined to make MizAR a useful mathematical service.Comment: To appear in 10th International Conference on. Artificial Intelligence and Symbolic Computation AISC 201