48,153 research outputs found
Thermal rectification in asymmetric U-shaped graphene flakes
In this paper, we study the thermal rectification in asymmetric U-shaped
graphene flakes by using nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulations. The
graphene flakes are composed by a beam and two arms. It is found that the heat
flux runs preferentially from the wide arm to the narrow arm which indicates a
strong rectification effect. The dependence of the rectification ratio upon the
heat flux, the length and the width of the beam, the length and width of the
two arms are studied. The result suggests a possible route to manage heat
dissipation in U-shaped graphene based nanoelectronic devices.Comment: 3 pages, 4 figure
Possible TeV Source Candidates In The Unidentified EGRET Sources
We study the -ray emission from the pulsar magnetosphere based on
outer gap models, and the TeV radiation from pulsar wind nebulae (PWNe) through
inverse Compton scattering using a one-zone model. We showed previously that
GeV radiation from the magnetosphere of mature pulsars with ages of years old can contribute to the high latitude unidentified EGRET
sources. We carry out Monte Carlo simulations of -ray pulsars in the
Galaxy and the Gould Belt, assuming the pulsar birth rate, initial position,
proper motion velocity, period, and magnetic field distribution and evolution
based on observational statistics. We select from the simulation a sample of
mature pulsars in the Galactic plane () and in the high
latitude () which could be detected by EGRET. The TeV flux from
the pulsar wind nebulae of our simulated sample through the inverse Compton
scattering by relativistic electrons on the microwave cosmic background and
synchrotron seed photons are calculated. The predicted fluxes are consistent
with the present observational constraints. We suggest that strong EGRET
sources can be potential TeV source candidates for present and future
ground-based TeV telescopes.Comment: Minor changes, MNRAS in pres
From the Quantum Link Model on the Honeycomb Lattice to the Quantum Dimer Model on the Kagom\'e Lattice: Phase Transition and Fractionalized Flux Strings
We consider the -d quantum link model on the honeycomb lattice
and show that it is equivalent to a quantum dimer model on the Kagom\'e
lattice. The model has crystalline confined phases with spontaneously broken
translation invariance associated with pinwheel order, which is investigated
with either a Metropolis or an efficient cluster algorithm. External
half-integer non-Abelian charges (which transform non-trivially under the
center of the gauge group) are confined to each other
by fractionalized strings with a delocalized flux. The strands
of the fractionalized flux strings are domain walls that separate distinct
pinwheel phases. A second-order phase transition in the 3-d Ising universality
class separates two confining phases; one with correlated pinwheel
orientations, and the other with uncorrelated pinwheel orientations.Comment: 16 pages, 20 figures, 2 tables, two more relevant references and one
short paragraph are adde
From the Quantum Link Model on the Honeycomb Lattice to the Quantum Dimer Model on the Kagom\'e Lattice: Phase Transition and Fractionalized Flux Strings
We consider the -d quantum link model on the honeycomb lattice
and show that it is equivalent to a quantum dimer model on the Kagom\'e
lattice. The model has crystalline confined phases with spontaneously broken
translation invariance associated with pinwheel order, which is investigated
with either a Metropolis or an efficient cluster algorithm. External
half-integer non-Abelian charges (which transform non-trivially under the
center of the gauge group) are confined to each other
by fractionalized strings with a delocalized flux. The strands
of the fractionalized flux strings are domain walls that separate distinct
pinwheel phases. A second-order phase transition in the 3-d Ising universality
class separates two confining phases; one with correlated pinwheel
orientations, and the other with uncorrelated pinwheel orientations.Comment: 16 pages, 20 figures, 2 tables, two more relevant references and one
short paragraph are adde
Public vs private administration of rural health insurance schemes: a comparative study in Zhejiang of China.
: Since 2003, China has experimented in some of the country's counties with the private administration of the New Cooperative Medical Scheme (NCMS), a publicly subsidized health insurance scheme for rural populations. Our study compared the effectiveness and efficiency of private vs public administration in four counties in one of China's most affluent provinces in the initial stage of the NCMS's implementation. The study was undertaken in Ningbo city of Zhejiang province. Out of 10 counties in Ningbo, two counties with private administration for the NCMS (Beilun and Ninghai) were compared with two others counties with public administration (Zhenhai and Fenghua), using the following indicators: (1) proportion of enrollees who were compensated for inpatient care; (2) average reimbursement-expense ratio per episode of inpatient care; (3) overall administration cost; (4) enrollee satisfaction. Data from 2004 to 2006 were collected from the local health authorities, hospitals and the contracted insurance companies, supplemented by a randomized household questionnaire survey covering 176 households and 479 household members. In our sample counties, private administration of the NCMS neither reduced transaction costs, nor improved the benefits of enrollees. Enrollees covered by the publicly administered NCMS were more likely to be satisfied with the insurance scheme than those covered by the privately administered NCMS. Experience in the selected counties suggests that private administration of the NCMS did not deliver the hoped-for results. We conclude that caution needs to be exercised in extending private administration of the NCMS
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