Predicting subjective refraction with dynamic retinal image quality analysis

The aim of this work is to evaluate the performance of a novel algorithm that combines dynamic wavefront aberrometry data and descriptors of the retinal image quality from objective autorefractor measurements to predict subjective refraction. We conducted a retrospective study of the prediction accuracy and precision of the novel algorithm compared to standard search-based retinal image quality optimization algorithms. Dynamic measurements from 34 adult patients were taken with a handheld wavefront autorefractor and static data was obtained with a high-end desktop wavefront aberrometer. The search-based algorithms did not signifcantly improve the results of the desktop system, while the dynamic approach was able to simultaneously reduce the standard deviation (up to a 15% for reduction of spherical equivalent power) and the mean bias error of the predictions (up to 80% reduction of spherical equivalent power) for the handheld aberrometer. These results suggest that dynamic retinal image analysis can substantially improve the accuracy and precision of the portable wavefront autorefractor relative to subjective refraction.The authors thanks to Dr. David Friedman (Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine) and his team for their help with study defnition and data acquisition. Eduardo Lage is funded by the Ramon y Cajal program from the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitivity (RYC-2016-21125). Carlos S. Hernandez, and Andrea Gil are funded by the Madrid Regional Government through IND2019/TIC-17116 and IND2020/TIC-17340 grants. Research relating to the autorefractor reported in this publication was partially support by the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging & Bioengineering and National Eye Institute of the National Institutes of Health under Award Numbers R43EB024299 and R44EY025452, respectivel

Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectroscopy Analysis and Phytochemical Characterization of Aegle Marmelos (Bael) Leaf, Stem and its Screening of Antimicrobial Activity

Phytochemical screening tests was conducted for five plant species and found that extract contains a variety of Phytochemical like saponins, tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids, glycosides and reducing sugars and among which there is higher level of precipitation for phenol and flavonoids. As they are essential source of antimicrobial agents against pathogen, their extract were tested for its antimicrobial activity by well diffusion method using Nutrient agar against human pathogenic bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli. This study provided evidence to confirm the presence of various medicinally important bioactive compounds or Phytochemical that has got biological importance and it justifies their use in the traditional medicines for the treatment of different diseases and this findings suggest that the selected plant extracts possesses antimicrobial properties that could be used for biological control of bacterial cultures and this bioactive compounds serve as a source of antimicrobial agents against human pathogens. Medicinal plants have bioactive compounds which are used for curing of various human diseases and also play an important role in healing. Phytochemical have two categories i.e., primary and secondary constituent. The phytochemical analysis of the plants is very important commercially and has great interest in pharmaceutical companies for the production of the new drugs for curing of various diseases. this GC-MS has been used as standard protocol for a foreign substance identification because of its used to identify the particular specific test results which is indicates or identifies the presences of that particular substance. The aqueous leaf extract were used for to identify and the phytochemical analysis used to find out the phytochemical constituents presents at the taken plants. Plant showed that the alkaloids, trepenoids, phenol and tannins, reducing sugar, saponin, proteins, anthocyanin, coumarin and glycosides were found to be presents in the given plants. Gas chromatography with mass spectroscopy detection is the state of the art methods for detection and identification of unknown compound, it is also not infallible and many compounds are difficulty with their accuracy certaint

SimCol3D -- 3D Reconstruction during Colonoscopy Challenge

Colorectal cancer is one of the most common cancers in the world. While colonoscopy is an effective screening technique, navigating an endoscope through the colon to detect polyps is challenging. A 3D map of the observed surfaces could enhance the identification of unscreened colon tissue and serve as a training platform. However, reconstructing the colon from video footage remains unsolved due to numerous factors such as self-occlusion, reflective surfaces, lack of texture, and tissue deformation that limit feature-based methods. Learning-based approaches hold promise as robust alternatives, but necessitate extensive datasets. By establishing a benchmark, the 2022 EndoVis sub-challenge SimCol3D aimed to facilitate data-driven depth and pose prediction during colonoscopy. The challenge was hosted as part of MICCAI 2022 in Singapore. Six teams from around the world and representatives from academia and industry participated in the three sub-challenges: synthetic depth prediction, synthetic pose prediction, and real pose prediction. This paper describes the challenge, the submitted methods, and their results. We show that depth prediction in virtual colonoscopy is robustly solvable, while pose estimation remains an open research question

Redox‐Addressable Single‐Molecule Junctions Incorporating a Persistent Organic Radical**

Integrating radical (open‐shell) species into non‐cryogenic nanodevices is key to unlocking the potential of molecular electronics. While many efforts have been devoted to this issue, in the absence of a chemical/electrochemical potential the open‐shell character is generally lost in contact with the metallic electrodes. Herein, single‐molecule devices incorporating a 6‐oxo‐verdazyl persistent radical have been fabricated using break‐junction techniques. The open‐shell character is retained at room temperature, and electrochemical gating permits in situ reduction to a closed‐shell anionic state in a single‐molecule transistor configuration. Furthermore, electronically driven rectification arises from bias‐dependent alignment of the open‐shell resonances. The integration of radical character, transistor‐like switching, and rectification in a single molecular component paves the way to further studies of the electronic, magnetic, and thermoelectric properties of open‐shell species

The effect of cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption and fruit and vegetable consumption on IVF outcomes: A review and presentation of original data

Background - Lifestyle factors including cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption and nutritional habits impact on health, wellness, and the risk of chronic diseases. In the areas of in-vitro fertilization (IVF) and pregnancy, lifestyle factors influence oocyte production, fertilization rates, pregnancy and pregnancy loss, while chronic, low-grade oxidative stress may underlie poor outcomes for some IVF cases. Methods - Here, we review the current literature and present some original, previously unpublished data, obtained from couples attending the PIVET Medical Centre in Western Australia. Results - During the study, 80 % of females and 70 % of male partners completed a 1-week diary documenting their smoking, alcohol and fruit and vegetable intake. The subsequent clinical outcomes of their IVF treatment such as quantity of oocytes collected, fertilization rates, pregnancy and pregnancy loss were submitted to multiple regression analysis, in order to investigate the relationship between patients, treatment and the recorded lifestyle factors. Of significance, it was found that male smoking caused an increased risk of pregnancy loss (p = 0.029), while female smoking caused an adverse effect on ovarian reserve. Both alcohol consumption (β = 0.074, p < 0.001) and fruit and vegetable consumption (β = 0.034, p < 0.001) had positive effects on fertilization. Conclusion - Based on our results and the current literature, there is an important impact of lifestyle factors on IVF clinical outcomes. Currently, there are conflicting results regarding other lifestyle factors such as nutritional habits and alcohol consumption, but it is apparent that chronic oxidative stress induced by lifestyle factors and poor nutritional habits associate with a lower rate of IVF success

Comparing the Timbre of Different Musical Sounds used in Music Therapy and its Effect on the Quality of Sleep in Medical Students with Insomnia- A Prospective Interventional Study

Introduction: Stress and the pressure to perform in a competitive world has led to a rise in insomnia cases, especially in medical students. Music serves as a great alternative or additional therapy and hence, specifying the details of the type of music and creating a standard set of musical parameters, e.g., a specific value for tempo that sleep music should have. This will make it a more viable and clear option. One of these important but minimally explored aspects is timbre of music. Aim: To assess and compare the effect of timbre of different musical sounds on an individual’s quality of sleep, duration and day time sleepiness. Materials and Methods: This prospective interventional (community trial) study was done in the Department of Physiology, Velammal Medical College Hospital and Research Institute, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India for three weeks. Hundred medical students having insomnia were chosen and split into five groups: Group A-Sitar, B-violin, C-vocal, D-flute and E-control. Groups A-D had to listen to tracks with an assigned timbre for 20 minutes before going to sleep daily for three weeks. Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) were used to assess sleep quality, duration and day time sleepiness. Kruskal-Wallis test was used to analyse the results. Results: Sleep quality improved with sitar being the one that improved the quality the most, followed by violin, then flute and finally, vocal (p-value=0.001). Sleep duration improved with sitar being the one that showed the most improvement, followed by flute, then violin and finally, vocal (p-value=0.001). Daytime sleepiness decreased with sitar being the one that decreased it the most, followed by violin, then flute and lastly, vocal (p-value=0.021). Conclusion: The most effective timbre in improving sleep quality, duration and reducing day time sleepiness was Sitar and the least effective was vocal

Instinctive Data Analysis in Machine Learning and Summary Exhibitor

The process of Data Analysis in Machine Learning (ML) is very huge, it involves a task beginning with defining the business objective, collecting data, preprocessing the data, selecting, building and testing models, monitoring and validating against stated objectives. This requires more time for the user to get the result when each step is done manually. During analysis, not everyone checks with accuracy for all the models that exist. While dealing with ML, the data analysts usually come across lots of errors that are difficult to analyze and solve. The main objective of the paper is to perform the instinctive data analysis tool for Machine Learning in an easier way. This tool just needs the dataset, and all the data analysis required is done automatically and the result is generated within a short period. Different kinds of datasets can be provided for analysis, Eg: Numerical Dataset, Categorical Dataset, unlabelled data, etc. Around 40 regression and classifier models are available for testing here. The two main categories of Machine learning techniques have been used which are Supervised and Unsupervised. For the demo, Kaggle datasets are used, the iris dataset is used for classification, and the vegetable dataset is used for regression. This will be immensely useful for individual purposes, software companies, new budding ML engineering, and data scientists

Redox-Addressable Single-Molecule Junctions Incorporating a Persistent Organic Radical

Integrating radical (open‐shell) species into non‐cryogenic nanodevices is key to unlocking the potential of molecular electronics. While many efforts have been devoted to this issue, in the absence of a chemical/electrochemical potential the open‐shell character is generally lost in contact with the metallic electrodes. Herein, single‐molecule devices incorporating a 6‐oxo‐verdazyl persistent radical have been fabricated using break‐junction techniques. The open‐shell character is retained at room temperature, and electrochemical gating permits in situ reduction to a closed‐shell anionic state in a single‐molecule transistor configuration. Furthermore, electronically driven rectification arises from bias‐dependent alignment of the open‐shell resonances. The integration of radical character, transistor‐like switching, and rectification in a single molecular component paves the way to further studies of the electronic, magnetic, and thermoelectric properties of open‐shell species