c-3,t-3-Dimethyl-r-2,c-6-diphenyl­piperidin-4-one

In the title compound, C19H21NO, the piperidine ring adopts a chair conformation. The two phenyl rings attached to the piperidine ring at 2 and 6 positions occupy equatorial orientations and the dihedral angle between them is 57.53 (11)°. In the crystal, the mol­ecules are connected via weak inter­molecular C—H⋯π inter­actions, leading to a zigzag chains

1-Chloro­acetyl-3,3-dimethyl-2,6-di­phenyl­piperidin-4-one

In the mol­ecule of the title compound, C21H22ClNO2, the piperidine ring adopts a distorted boat conformation. The two phenyl rings are nearly orthogonal to each other with a dihedral angle of 87.1 (1)°. In the crystal structure, the mol­ecules are linked into a three-dimensional network by C—H⋯O and C—H⋯π inter­actions

Priprava i in vitro karakterizacija plutajućih zrnaca acetohidroksamske kiseline za iskorjenjivanje H. pylori

Gellan based floating beads of acetohydroxamic acid (AHA) were prepared by the ionotropic gellation method to achieve controlled and sustained drug release for treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection. The prepared beads were evaluated for diameter, surface morphology and encapsulation efficiency. Formulation parameters like concentrations of gellan, chitosan, calcium carbonate and the drug influenced the in vitro drug release characteristics of beads. Drug and polymer interaction studies were carried out using differential scanning calorimetry. Chitosan coating increased encapsulation efficiency of the beads and reduced the initial burst release of the drug from the beads. Kinetic treatment of the drug release data revealed a matrix diffusion mechanism. Prepared floating beads showed good antimicrobial activity (in vitro H. pylori culture) as potent urease inhibitors. In conclusion, an oral dosage form of floating gellan beads containing AHA may form a useful stomach site specific drug delivery system for the treatment of H. pylori infection.Metodom ionotropskog želiranja pripravljena su plutajuća zrnca acetohidroksamske kiseline (AHA) na bazi gelana za kontrolirano i usporeno oslobađanje ljekovite tvari, namijenjena za liječenje infekcija uzrokovanih Helicobacter pylori. Pripravljenim zrncima proučavani su dijametar, površinska morfologija i sposobnost inkapsuliranja. Koncentracija gelana, kitozana, kalcijeva karbonata i ljekovite tvari utjecala je na oslobađanje in vitro. Interakcija između ljekovite tvari i polimera praćena je diferencijalnom pretražnom kalorimetrijom. Oblaganje zrnaca kitozanom povećalo je učinkovitost inkapsuliranja i smanjilo početno naglo oslobađanje. Oslobađanje ljekovite tvari slijedilo je mehanizam difuzije matriksa. Plutajuća zrnca s AHA pokazala su antimikrobno djelovanje in vitro na kulturi H. pylori kao snažni inhibitori ureaze. Može se zaključiti da su plutajuća zrnca s AHA na bazi gelana pogodna za specifičnu isporuku u želucu te korisna u terapiji infekcija uzrokovanih H. pylori

In Vitro Structural and Functional Evaluation of Gold Nanoparticles Conjugated Antibiotics

Bactericidal efficacy of gold nanoparticles conjugated with ampicillin, streptomycin and kanamycin were evaluated. Gold nanoparticles (Gnps) were conjugated with the antibiotics during the synthesis of nanoparticles utilizing the combined reducing property of antibiotics and sodium borohydride. The conjugation of nanoparticles was confirmed by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and electron microscopic (EM) studies. Such Gnps conjugated antibiotics showed greater bactericidal activity in standard agar well diffusion assay. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of all the three antibiotics along with their Gnps conjugated forms were determined in three bacterial strains,Escherichia coli DH5α,Micrococcus luteusandStaphylococcus aureus. Among them, streptomycin and kanamycin showed significant reduction in MIC values in their Gnps conjugated form whereas; Gnps conjugated ampicillin showed slight decrement in the MIC value compared to its free form. On the other hand, all of them showed more heat stability in their Gnps conjugated forms. Thus, our findings indicated that Gnps conjugated antibiotics are more efficient and might have significant therapeutic implications

1-Dichloroacetyl-3,3-dimethyl-2,6-diphenylpiperidin-4-one

In the title compound, C21H21Cl2NO2, the piperidine ring adopts a distorted boat conformation. The two phenyl rings are approximately perpendicular to each other, with a dihedral angle of 86.12 (7)°. Molecules are linked into centrosymmetric dimers by pairs of bifurcated C—H...O hydrogen bonds, forming R22(10) and R22(14) ring motifs, and an intramolecular C—H...O link also occurs

Governance of marine fisheries in India: Special reference to Tamil Nadu

Fisheries contribute significantly to India’s national economy (1.21 % of total GDP and 5.3 % of agricultural GDP) and provide a livelihood to an estimated 10 million people. Marine fisheries has undergone a perceptible change due to continuous increase in fishing activities involving introduction of different advanced fishing technologies, gears and fishing fleets. This sustained increase in fishing activities coupled with industrialization has further attributed to the profound impact on the fishery resources affecting the sustainability of the same. This paper attempts to critically analyze the marine fisheries of India with special reference to Tamil Nadu, with an aim to explore appropriate management options for ensuring ecological integrity, better conservation and sustainability of the resources and also livelihood security for the coastal fisher folk. International issues like crossing maritime border (Indo-Srilankan border) have also been discussed

Anti-Helicobacter pylori effect of mucoadhesive nanoparticles bearing amoxicillin in experimental gerbils model

The purpose of the present study was to design mucoadhesive gliadin nanoparticles (GNP) containing amoxicillin and to evaluate their effectiveness in eradicating Helicobacter pylori. GNP-bearing amoxicillin (AGNP) was prepared by desolvation method. The effect of process variables such as gliadin concentration and initial drug loading on particle size, shape, percent payload, percent entrapment efficiency, in vitro release profile, and mucoadhesive property of GNP was assessed. Rhodamine isothiocyanate-entrapped GNP formulations were prepared to evaluate their in vivo gastric mucoadhesive property in albino rats. With increasing gliadin concentration, the mucoadhesive property of GNP increased. Typically, the maximum amount of nanoparticles remaining was 82±4%, which represented a stronger mucoadhesive propensity and specificity of GNP toward the stomach. In vitro antimicrobial activity of AGNP was evaluated by growth inhibition studies on an isolated H pylori strain. The time required for complete eradication was higher in AGNP than in amoxicillin because of the controlled drug delivery of amoxicillin from AGNP. In vivo clearance of H pylori following oral administration of AGNP to infected Mongolian gerbils was examined. Amoxicillin and AGNP both showed anti-H pylori effects in this experimental model of infection, but the required dose for complete eradication was less in AGNP than in amoxicillin. In conclusion, AGNP eradicated H pylori from the gastrointestinal tract more effectively than amoxicillin because of the prolonged gastrointestinal residence time attributed to mucoadhesion. A dosage form containing mucoadhesive nanoparticles bearing a potential antibiotic should be useful for the complete eradication of H pylori