Statistical distribution models : goodness of fit tests

The purpose of a one-sample test of fit is to give an objective measure of how well a probability model agrees with observed data. Here we discuss the test of Karl Pearson and derivatives of it, tests based on the empirical distribution function and the construction of the Neyman-Barton smooth tests. In the final section, we then address some modern developments in smooth testing: diagnostics, Cholesky components, data-driven tests and model selection. Other tests of fit, such as correlation tests and Laplace transform tests, are not considered here

Mermin's Pentagram as an Ovoid of PG(3,2)

Mermin's pentagram, a specific set of ten three-qubit observables arranged in quadruples of pairwise commuting ones into five edges of a pentagram and used to provide a very simple proof of the Kochen-Specker theorem, is shown to be isomorphic to an ovoid (elliptic quadric) of the three-dimensional projective space of order two, PG(3,2). This demonstration employs properties of the real three-qubit Pauli group embodied in the geometry of the symplectic polar space W(5,2) and rests on the facts that: 1) the four observables/operators on any of the five edges of the pentagram can be viewed as points of an affine plane of order two, 2) all the ten observables lie on a hyperbolic quadric of the five-dimensional projective space of order two, PG(5,2), and 3) that the points of this quadric are in a well-known bijective correspondence with the lines of PG(3,2).Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure

Switching of generalized quadrangles of order s and applications

Peer Reviewe

Finite Projective Spaces, Geometric Spreads of Lines and Multi-Qubits

Given a (2N - 1)-dimensional projective space over GF(2), PG(2N - 1, 2), and its geometric spread of lines, there exists a remarkable mapping of this space onto PG(N - 1, 4) where the lines of the spread correspond to the points and subspaces spanned by pairs of lines to the lines of PG(N - 1, 4). Under such mapping, a non-degenerate quadric surface of the former space has for its image a non-singular Hermitian variety in the latter space, this quadric being {\it hyperbolic} or {\it elliptic} in dependence on N being {\it even} or {\it odd}, respectively. We employ this property to show that generalized Pauli groups of N-qubits also form two distinct families according to the parity of N and to put the role of symmetric operators into a new perspective. The N=4 case is taken to illustrate the issue.Comment: 3 pages, no figures/tables; V2 - short introductory paragraph added; V3 - to appear in Int. J. Mod. Phys.