A genomic catalog of Earth’s microbiomes

The reconstruction of bacterial and archaeal genomes from shotgun metagenomes has enabled insights into the ecology and evolution of environmental and host-associated microbiomes. Here we applied this approach to >10,000 metagenomes collected from diverse habitats covering all of Earth’s continents and oceans, including metagenomes from human and animal hosts, engineered environments, and natural and agricultural soils, to capture extant microbial, metabolic and functional potential. This comprehensive catalog includes 52,515 metagenome-assembled genomes representing 12,556 novel candidate species-level operational taxonomic units spanning 135 phyla. The catalog expands the known phylogenetic diversity of bacteria and archaea by 44% and is broadly available for streamlined comparative analyses, interactive exploration, metabolic modeling and bulk download. We demonstrate the utility of this collection for understanding secondary-metabolite biosynthetic potential and for resolving thousands of new host linkages to uncultivated viruses. This resource underscores the value of genome-centric approaches for revealing genomic properties of uncultivated microorganisms that affect ecosystem processes

Tempo de latência e características da nomeação de figuras de crianças com transtorno da leitura Latency time and characteristics of picture labelling by children with reading disorders

O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar o tempo de latência e as características da nomeação de figuras em crianças com Transtorno da Leitura e com desenvolvimento típico de leitura, de mesma escolaridade. As amostras foram constituídas por 20 crianças com Transtorno da Leitura (m=8,3 a) e 25 criançassem dificuldades na leitura (m=8,6 a), de ambos os gêneros. O teste de nomeação de figuras foi constituído por 96 figuras, com balanceamento equivalente às palavras escritas: freqüência de ocorrência, extensão e complexidade para o português falado no Brasil. As figuras foram apresentadas na tela de um computador e as crianças foram instruídas a dizer o nome das figuras. O tempo de latência e as respostas foram registradas em um programa criado especialmente para esta pesquisa. As respostas foram analisadas de acordo com os critérios da literatura específica. Não foram observadas diferenças entre crianças com Transtorno da Leitura e seus controles para o tempo de latência. Todavia os resultados apontaram mais respostas corretas para o grupo de leitores e mais erros fonológicos para as crianças com Transtorno da Leitura. Conclui-se que o tempo gasto para a recuperação dos nomes das figuras é semelhante entre as amostras, porém as crianças com Transtorno da Leitura podem exibir déficits na nomeação de figuras, principalmente para selecionar as formas fonológicas dos nomes, resultando em nomeações incorretas.<br>The aim of this study was to verify latency time and the properties for the picture labelling in children with reading disorders and children with typical reading development. The sample was composed of 20 children with reading disorders (age mean=8,3 y) and 25 children without reading disorders (age mean=8,6 y), from both genders. The picture labelling test was made up of 96 pictures, divided into stimuli groups, with equivalent balance to written words: frequency of occurrence of the written word, word extension and complexity for Portuguese spoken in Brazil. The pictures were presented on a computer screen and children were asked to name the pictures. The latency time and the responses were registered in a program designed specially for this study. The responses were analyzed according to criteria of specific literature. No statistical differences were observed between readers and non-readers related to the processing time, however, results pointed to more correct answers in the reader group. Non-readers have more phonological errors than readers. In conclusion, the latency time is similar between the subjects. However non-readers can show difficulties in picture naming, especially as to selection of phonological properties of the picture naming, which result in errors in labelling

A genomic catalog of Earth’s microbiomes

The reconstruction of bacterial and archaeal genomes from shotgun metagenomes has enabled insights into the ecology and evolution of environmental and host-associated microbiomes. Here we applied this approach to >10,000 metagenomes collected from diverse habitats covering all of Earth’s continents and oceans, including metagenomes from human and animal hosts, engineered environments, and natural and agricultural soils, to capture extant microbial, metabolic and functional potential. This comprehensive catalog includes 52,515 metagenome-assembled genomes representing 12,556 novel candidate species-level operational taxonomic units spanning 135 phyla. The catalog expands the known phylogenetic diversity of bacteria and archaea by 44% and is broadly available for streamlined comparative analyses, interactive exploration, metabolic modeling and bulk download. We demonstrate the utility of this collection for understanding secondary-metabolite biosynthetic potential and for resolving thousands of new host linkages to uncultivated viruses. This resource underscores the value of genome-centric approaches for revealing genomic properties of uncultivated microorganisms that affect ecosystem processes. © 2020, The Author(s)

A genomic catalog of Earth’s microbiomes

The reconstruction of bacterial and archaeal genomes from shotgun metagenomes has enabled insights into the ecology and evolution of environmental and host-associated microbiomes. Here we applied this approach to >10,000 metagenomes collected from diverse habitats covering all of Earth’s continents and oceans, including metagenomes from human and animal hosts, engineered environments, and natural and agricultural soils, to capture extant microbial, metabolic and functional potential. This comprehensive catalog includes 52,515 metagenome-assembled genomes representing 12,556 novel candidate species-level operational taxonomic units spanning 135 phyla. The catalog expands the known phylogenetic diversity of bacteria and archaea by 44% and is broadly available for streamlined comparative analyses, interactive exploration, metabolic modeling and bulk download. We demonstrate the utility of this collection for understanding secondary-metabolite biosynthetic potential and for resolving thousands of new host linkages to uncultivated viruses. This resource underscores the value of genome-centric approaches for revealing genomic properties of uncultivated microorganisms that affect ecosystem processes.</p