Non-Commutative Geometry and Measurements of Polarized Two Photon Coincidence Counts

Employing Maxwell's equations as the field theory of the photon, quantum mechanical operators for spin, chirality, helicity, velocity, momentum, energy and position are derived. The photon ``Zitterbewegung'' along helical paths is explored. The resulting non-commutative geometry of photon position and the quantum version of the Pythagorean theorem is discussed. The distance between two photons in a polarized beam of given helicity is shown to have a discrete spectrum. Such a spectrum should become manifest in measurements of two photon coincidence counts. The proposed experiment is briefly described.Comment: Latex, 13 pages, 3 figure

Evaluation of Gingival Crevicular Fluid and Saliva as Comparative Markers in the Expression of Interleukin -1 β during orthodontic Tooth movement: A In Vivo study

OBJECTIVE: This study was undertaken to correlate the findings of presence of Interleukin - 1β in GCF and saliva during initial levelling stage of orthodontic treatment and to substantiate if saliva as a medium could be used as a suitable marker for establishing the expression of IL - 1β. MATERIALS AND METHODS: GCF and Whole Saliva samples were collected from ten orthodontic patients (6 females and 4 males, aged 15 - 25 yrs) who had Little’s Irregularity Index score ( 10) referring to very severe irregularity and had undergone upper and lower first bicuspid extractions. The samples were collected at the following stages:- T 0 – Pre Treatment, T 1 – 7 days after initiation of orthodontic treatment, T 2 - 30 days after initiation of orthodontic treatment. Disposable micropipettes were used for GCF collection. The saliva samples were collected in sterile containers. The collected samples were subjected to an ELISA test to determine the concentrations of IL - 1 β. RESULTS: The results of our study showed that IL - 1β levels were highly increased on the 7th day in both GCF and Saliva (GCF - 288.57 +/- 111.88 Pg/ml, Saliva - 272.50 +/- 108.16 Pg/ml) after appliance activation when compared to the baseline levels (GCF - 151.20 +/- 129.21 Pg/ml, Saliva - 186.30 +/- 163.57 Pg/ml), , and they gradually decreased on the 30th day (GCF - 228.67 +/- 103.37 Pg/ml, Saliva - 211.75 +/- 120.09 Pg/ml) when compared to the realtively increased levels seen on 7th day. No statistically significant results could be drawn because of high amount of inter individual variability. CONCLUSION: Results of the current study, show a positive indication that saliva could be used as a viable substitute for GCF when used for assessing bone remodelling for patients undergoing orthodontic treatment

Thermal Time Scales in a Color Glass Condensate

In a model of relativistic heavy ion collisions wherein the unconfined quark-gluon plasma is condensed into glass, we derive the Vogel-Fulcher-Tammann cooling law. This law is well known to hold true in condensed matter glasses. The high energy plasma is initially created in a very hot negative temperature state and cools down to the Hagedorn glass temperature at an ever decreasing rate. The cooling rate is largely determined by the QCD string tension derived from hadronic Regge trajectories. The ultimately slow relaxation time is a defining characteristic of a color glass condensate.Comment: 5 pages, ReVTeX format, nofigure

RosettaAntibody: antibody variable region homology modeling server

The RosettaAntibody server (http://antibody.graylab.jhu.edu) predicts the structure of an antibody variable region given the amino-acid sequences of the respective light and heavy chains. In an initial stage, the server identifies and displays the most sequence homologous template structures for the light and heavy framework regions and each of the complementarity determining region (CDR) loops. Subsequently, the most homologous templates are assembled into a side-chain optimized crude model, and the server returns a picture and coordinate file. For users requesting a high-resolution model, the server executes the full RosettaAntibody protocol which additionally models the hyper-variable CDR H3 loop. The high-resolution protocol also relieves steric clashes by optimizing the CDR backbone torsion angles and by simultaneously perturbing the relative orientation of the light and heavy chains. RosettaAntibody generates 2000 independent structures, and the server returns pictures, coordinate files, and detailed scoring information for the 10 top-scoring models. The 10 models enable users to use rational judgment in choosing the best model or to use the set as an ensemble for further studies such as docking. The high-resolution models generated by RosettaAntibody have been used for the successful prediction of antibody–antigen complex structures