Analisis Rasio Keuangan Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Daerah (APBD) Kota Manado untuk Menilai Kinerja Keuangan Pemerintah Kota Manado Tahun Anggaran 2011 - 2015

This study aims to assess the financial performance of Manado City Government using Financial Ratio Analysis of Regional Budget for Fiscal Year 2011-2015. Type of research is the descriptif qualitative with case study approach. The processed data is the Budget Realization Report of Manado City Government for Fiscal Year 2011-2015 were obtained from the internet publication on the official website of Financial Management Board and Regional Property of Manado City. The analysis used to analyze the Regional Financial Performance is Financial Ratio Analysis by calculate the Ratio of Independence, Degree of Fiscal Decentralization, Ratio of Effectiveness, Ratio of Efficiency and Ratio of Expenditure Congruence. While the analysis used to analyze the Ability of Regional Finance is to calculate the Share and Growth, Map of Regional Finance Capability and Financial Capability Index. Based on the calculation and analysis of the Regional Financial Performance can be concluded that the pattern of the region's autonomy level relationships in Manado City is instructive criteria. Degree of Fiscal Decentralization is still lacking, but the Ratio of Effectiveness is very effective and the Ratio of Efficiency is also very efficient. Ratio of Expenditure Congruence shows the balance between expenditures are not balanced. Based on the calculation and analysis of the Regional Financial Capability can be concluded, that the condition of financial ability of Manado City is still not ideal. Share and Growth calculation results, the position of Manado City is in quadrant II and Financial Capability Index of Manado City is high

An Overview of the 13:8 Mean Motion Resonance between Venus and Earth

It is known since the seminal study of Laskar (1989) that the inner planetary system is chaotic with respect to its orbits and even escapes are not impossible, although in time scales of billions of years. The aim of this investigation is to locate the orbits of Venus and Earth in phase space, respectively to see how close their orbits are to chaotic motion which would lead to unstable orbits for the inner planets on much shorter time scales. Therefore we did numerical experiments in different dynamical models with different initial conditions -- on one hand the couple Venus-Earth was set close to different mean motion resonances (MMR), and on the other hand Venus' orbital eccentricity (or inclination) was set to values as large as e = 0.36 (i = 40deg). The couple Venus-Earth is almost exactly in the 13:8 mean motion resonance. The stronger acting 8:5 MMR inside, and the 5:3 MMR outside the 13:8 resonance are within a small shift in the Earth's semimajor axis (only 1.5 percent). Especially Mercury is strongly affected by relatively small changes in eccentricity and/or inclination of Venus in these resonances. Even escapes for the innermost planet are possible which may happen quite rapidly.Comment: 14 pages, 11 figures, submitted to CMD

Qualitative Research Of Placebo Effect On Marketing Toward Product Pricing

Placebo effect recently gain much attention from the side of marketing researcher strive to deepen their knowledge about the influence of various psychological concept on consumer behavior. It is well know that manipulating with various marketing variable (e.g. price change, packaging, distribution channels) can significantly influence the customer believe and expectation and hence change their perceptions of a product. This research is designed to have a clearer image and deeper understanding about the the placebo effect on price among the consumer. The method used in this research is the qualitative research methodology with case study research approach which will provide a descriptive insight about the placebo effect. The data for this research were gathered from observation,interviews and documents, which the sample is random people with different ocupation to get an impulsive idea about the placebo effect.In the findings, there are several perspective about the placebo effect on price but the main point is placebo effect is the fundamental to determine the quality of the product. Never underestimate the power of mind over matter. Payment might change level of abilities and skills. True or not, pay customers what it is worth, not the lowest that can get away with, because its the right thing to do. Keywords: placebo effect, product, pric

First observations of beam losses due to bound-free pair production in a heavy-ion collider

We report the first observations of beam losses due to bound-free pair production at the interaction point of a heavy-ion collider. This process is expected to be a major luminosity limit for the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) when it operates with 208Pb82+ ions because the localized energy deposition by the lost ions may quench superconducting magnet coils. Measurements were performed at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) during operation with 100 GeV/nucleon 63Cu29+ ions. At RHIC, the rate, energy and magnetic field are low enough so that magnet quenching is not an issue. The hadronic showers produced when the single-electron ions struck the RHIC beampipe were observed using an array of photodiodes. The measurement confirms the order of magnitude of the theoretical cross section previously calculated by others.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figures. Added journal ref. Corrected typos. Fixed fig 1. Minor improvements to fig. 1,3,4. Rephrased a small number of sentences (p1,3,4). Added numerical values of the aperture and the displacement for Au (p 2). Changed reference 5, added name in acknowledgments (p 4

Russia`s Great Game in a nuclear South Asia

Lost in the noise of Pakistan`s nuclear weapon tests in the western Baluchistan desert on 28 and 30 May was a surprising diplomatic move by Russia. On 23 May, Russia became the first state to express its willingness to recognize India as a nuclear-weapon state, provided that India commits itself to the international nonproliferation regime. Russia`s Ambassador to India, Albert Chernyshev, stated in the days after the Indian but before the Pakistani nuclear tests that ``India proclaimed itself a nuclear weapons power. One now hopes that India will behave as a nuclear weapons power by acting responsibly. Every nuclear weapons state has some rights. But for getting recognition it must have some obligations. Once it is ready to show these obligations by joining the nonproliferation regime, its recognition as a nuclear weapons power will follow.`` Russia`s Great Game in South Asia in pursuit of short-term economic and other interests appears to be a serious obstacle on the path to dealing effectively with the South Asian nuclear crisis. Grave damage to security, stability and nonproliferation has already resulted from India`s and Pakistan`s actions, but the situation does not have to spiral out of control. It is imperative that the international community respond appropriately to this challenge. The international community is at a crossroads and Russia`s actions will be critical. Will it be willing to go beyond the narrow economic and political calculations reflected in its diplomatic posturing, and take actions that will serve its long-term interests by bridging differences with other great powers in order to demonstrate to India that it has not chosen the right path. If Russia decides it can gain from India`s current, perilous path and blocks or otherwise frustrates appropriate responses, the nuclear danger on the subcontinent will escalate and the global regimes to promote nonproliferation and to ban testing will be seriously, perhaps fatally, weakened with unpredictable regional and global effects

The Use of experiments on a single fuel element to determine the nuclear parameters of reactor lattices

Statement of responsibility on title page reads: Edward E. Pilat, M.J. Driscoll, I. Kaplan, and T.J. Thompson"February 1967."Includes errata"MIT-2344 -10"Also issued as a Ph. D. thesis by the first author (Pilat) and supervised by the last author (Thompson), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Nuclear Engineering, 1967Includes bibliographical referencesThe nuclear parameters of a reactor lattice may be determined by critical experiments on that lattice, by theoretical calculations in which only cross sections are used as input, or by methods which combine theory and experiment. Of those methods which combine theory and experiment, the Single Element Method, abbreviated SEM, is shown to have great usefulness. As used here, the method combines experiments on the smallest meaningful unit of fuel - a single fuel element - with a theory which relates the behavior of a lattice of such elements to the experimentally determined behavior of the single element. This particular division of the problem into theory and experiment is useful for at least three reasons.First, several parameters which characterize a reactor lattice - the thermal utilization and resonance escape probability, for example - often depend strongly and in a complicated manner on the properties of individual fuel elements, but only depend weakly or in a simple manner on interactions between the fuel elements. In the Single Element Method, the largest contribution to these parameters is determined by measurements on a single fuel element, and only a relatively small correction to account for the presence of the rest of the fuel elements need be estimated theoretically. Second, the determination of lattice parameters in this way represents a desirable saving of time, money, effort, and material over their determination in critical or exponential experiments.Third, it is shown that the method provides an excellent way of correlating the results of experimental measurements, since it shows what pertinent variables must be used to express the quantity of interest in a linear or nearly linear fashion. Values obtained by the SEM for the thermal utilization of lattices of uranium rods in heavy water are accurate to about 0.3 percent (by comparison with THERMOS). Values of P28, 28, and C* are obtained by the SEM for the same lattices to an accuracy of between five and ten percent (by comparison with experiment). The same method yields values of 28 with are equally accurate in lattices moderated by light water. In addition, the theoretical development of the SEM predicts that P28, 28, C*, and 625 should vary nearly linearly with the inverse of the unit cell volume (for a fixed size of fuel element). This explains the experimentally observed behavior and provides an important tool for the rational correlation of experimental results.U.S. Atomic Energy Commission contract AT (30-1)234