Nacionalizmus, nemzet, (nemzet) állam a Magreb térségben: Algéria = Nationalism, nation, (nation) state in the Maghreb: Algeria

A kutatások elmélyítették ismereteinket a nacionalizmusról (általában), konkrétan pedig az algériairól, a nemzetállam építés kulturális-civilizációs és történelmi feltételeiről, az európai (francia) hatásokról és a vele szemben megnyilvánult és megnyilvánuló ellenállásról. E történelmi konfrontációs folyamat kezdetén - az 1930-as és 1940-es években markánsan jelennek meg bizonyos "import" elemek (laicitás, egyéni szabadságeszme), amelyek később a nemzet építés során (a fegyveres harc majd a függetlenség után) háttérbe szorulnak és az endogén sajátosságok - amelyeket összefoglalóan és közismerten iszlám komponensnek nevezhetünk - válnak egyre inkább dominánssá. A nemzetállam építés még nem fejeződött be, erre utalnak az utóbbi két év konfliktusai. A kutatási eredményeket publikáltuk illetve hazai és nemzetközi konferenciákon adtuk elő, s ez hozzájárult a szakmai kapcsolatok bővítéséhez is. | The research projects have deepened our knowledge about nationalism in general, and about its Algerian characteristics in particular. We have found out a lot about the cultural-civilizational and historical conditions of nation state building, the European (French) impacts and the opposition that had and has manifested itself against it. At the beginning of this historical confrontation process ? in the 1930s and 1940s - certain ?import? factors appear markedly (laity, personal liberties), which later in the process of nation building (during the armed struggle and after independence) are thrust into the background and the endogenic characteristics - which can be summed up with the widely known term as the Islamic component ? become more and more dominant. The process of nation building has not finished yet, this is what the conflicts of the past two years also indicate. The research results have been published and presented at conferences in Hungary and abroad, which contributed to the extension of our international relations, too

The Social Component of Algerian Nationalism

Le mouvement national algérien a un fort composant social depuis sa naissance dans les années 1920. Il se concrétise dans la question agraire. Au cours de la guerre de libération nationale, le composant social du programme du FLN s’approfondit insistant déjà non seulement sur l’anticolonialisme, mais l’anticapitalisme. (Exemples : Cuba, Yougoslavie.) Cette évolution aboutit à utiliser le terme « socialisme » pour la construction de la novelle société. Après l’explosion sociale en 1988, le FLN supprime le terme socialisme dans son programme, mais la structure sociétale reste sur place. L’islamisme populiste, force politique dominante entre 1988-1992, n’arrive pas à la détruire. Et le hirak, le libéralisme populiste actuel y arrivera ?Le mouvement national algérien a un fort composant social depuis sa naissance dans les années 1920. Il se concrétise dans la question agraire. Au cours de la guerre de libération nationale, le composant social du programme du FLN s’approfondit insistant déjà non seulement sur l’anticolonialisme, mais l’anticapitalisme. (Exemples : Cuba, Yougoslavie.) Cette évolution aboutit à utiliser le terme « socialisme » pour la construction de la novelle société. Après l’explosion sociale en 1988, le FLN supprime le terme socialisme dans son programme, mais la structure sociétale reste sur place. L’islamisme populiste, force politique dominante entre 1988-1992, n’arrive pas à la détruire. Et le hirak, le libéralisme populiste actuel y arrivera

A legfranciább algériai : Ferhat Abbász politikai pályája az algériai nemzeti mozgalom tükrében

Ferhat Abbas is the most interesting, and at the same time “most French” figure of the Algerian national movement. His thoughts and actions were guided by the “quest for civilization”, which was also the justification of the colonial expansion of the Third Republic. His political career is also the story of the Algerian nationalist movement. Throughout his life he always adhered to the “French ideals”, and the tripartite motto of the French Revolution: liberté, égalité, fraternité. In the 1920s he fought for the French assimilation of Algeria, he wanted it to become a province of France, but after the end of the World War he tried to have his country implement the “French ideals” as an independent state. However, none of the French governments supported his plans, so he joined those fighting for national liberation. His life in the independent Algeria was full of struggle and disappointment. He didn’t see the creation, only the death of the “French ideals” and liberal democracy, and the emergence of a personalist dictatorship, the sovietisation of the country à la Fidel Castro. He couldn’t follow the revolutionary changes that characterized many of the young countries newly freed from colonial rule, they were incompatible with his ideals and mentality. He couldn’t accept arbitrary decisions, for him institutions legitimized by elections were the basis of the political system. Barely a year after the country becoming independent, he resigned as the President of the National Assembly. This resignation meant the end of his political career: he was forced into opposition, and he was a victim of frequent harassment. In 1964‒1965 he was interned to the southern regions, and in 1976 and 1977 he was under house arrest. One of the greatest figures of the Algerian national movement was left more and more alone. He was a tragic hero. He felt betrayed, as the “French ideals” were not implemented either by their creator, France, or his home country