ΠΟΛΙΤΕΙΑ in Aristotle\u27s \u3cem\u3ePolitica\u3c/em\u3e: An Annotated Catalogue

In this annotated catalogue of the 522 occurrences of the expression politeia in the Politics of Aristotle, I present my view of what Aristotle’s intent was in each occurrence—citizenship, citizen body, arrangement of offices or constitution, or regime—except where I find that the text is inexplicit. I have compared my results especially with the Sinclair-Saunders translation and occasionally with Bonitz’s Index Aristotelicus and with the translations of Jowett, Newman, Robinson, Saunders in the Clarendon Aristotle, and Simpson, along with other works. Aristotle’s treatment of the politeia sometimes has been connected with modern constitutionalism in the form of the written constitution or arrangement of offices. Writing a constitution or drawing up an arrangement of offices sometimes does not have the stabilizing effects for which the drafters and others occasionally hope. Readers of the Politics who use the catalogue will find that Aristotle had stability much on his mind and apparently understood that stability required more than a certain arrangement of offices or constitution in the current sense

Politeia as Citizenship in Aristotle

Recent studies of the citizen and citizenship in Aristotle, such as those of Hansen, Morrison, and Collins, have focused attention on a somewhat neglected topic in Aristotle’s work. While a definitive treatment of this topic awaits a comprehensive catalogue of the uses of politeia in the Politica and the Ath. at least, with over 500 occurrences in the Politica alone, in this paper I contribute to the catalogue project by considering some examples of Aristotle’s use of politeia in idioms from earlier Greek literature which express participation in citizenship, giving a share in citizenship, and so on. I consider also Aristotle’s apparent awareness of inscriptions recording grants of citizenship. Understanding politeia as citizenship appears to provide attractive alternative interpretations for some otherwise challenging passages

Steamship operating and terminal costs

One of the most vital questions before the Congress of the United States at the present time is the ship subsidy bill and for this reason a discussion of the cost of operating and maintaining a fleet of steamships may be appropriate. In order to cover the important phases of the business, it is assumed that the fleet consists of a large number of passenger steamships and freight vessels, and that the company owns its own docks and terminals. Some of the most difficult problems are encountered in endeavoring to distinguish between freight and passenger charges and in the equitable distribution of terminal expenses and overhead to each voyage. In view of the enormous amount of clerical work and office expenses involved in distributing the costs to the freight and passenger departments and in order to put these departments on a profit and loss basis, it might be advisable not to attempt to ascertain these departmental profits or losses. If, after careful consideration, it is decided that the cost to be incurred surpasses the value of this information for each voyage, that part of the following discussion which deals with the distribution of charges to the freight and passenger departments may be disregarded. However, whatever the decision is in regard to this matter it will not effect the classification of revenue

ΤΩΝ ΛΟΓΩΝ Ο ΠΡΩΤΟΣ ΤΕ ΚΑΙ ΣΜΙΚΡΟΤΑΤΟΣ, Sph. 262c6-7: The First and LIttlest of Sentences

In this paper I show that the orthodox syntax suggested in Sophistes 262C6-7 and the surrounding text is not adhered to in the dialogues. Within the limited universe of monadic atomic sentence syntax extended with constants for existence and unity, in fact, all but three of the 14 possible irregular forms are used in one or other of the three dialogues instanced here. Self-predication, which, in the mid-twentieth-century, fascinated so many scholars, turns out to be just one among the many varieties of irregular syntax in the dialogues. The nonadherence of other interlocutors to the Eleatic Stranger’s description of monadic atomic sentences enables these interlocutors to talk about Ideas in the dialogues in familiar ways; unless the syntactically irregular sentences were used, the interlocutors would not have been able to talk about Ideas the way they did. The dialogues contain a variety of sentences and sentence schemata that we commonly consider ill formed and that we should expect to produce peculiar results when used in argument. Of course, there are no grounds for attributing syntactical insensitivity to Plato the author who, himself, represents this insensitivity in an orderly and carefully structured way as characterizing the conversation of some of his fictionalized interlocutors. The appearance of these irregular sentences in the dialogues apparently engaged Aristotle, who devoted much attention to what can and what cannot be predicated of what. Thus in Aristotle one finds a theory of predication which systematically excludes the irregular sentences. The Categoriae addresses what can and cannot be said of what in the normal course of things, and the Tópica addresses, for example, unity and existence as predicates. I would suggest in closing that the apparatus I have offered here provides a largely unexplored way to reconstruct the controversies of the Academy and to track the way they led predication. into the development of what we have begun to understand as Aristotle’s theory of predication

Cost accounting in the oil refining industry

Some articles have been published dealing with accounting for oil or crude petroleum producers, but little has been written about accounting for oil refiners. Yet in this branch of the oil industry, accounting, and particularly cost accounting, is very essential to the success of the enterprise, and no oil refinery operates without some sort of cost keeping system. The rapid conversion of the raw material to the finished state and the consequent quick turnover of the product, the uncertainty of and frequent changes in the market prices and as a result the necessity of having accurate production and cost figures at all times, are reasons which make the cost accounting department an extremely important one in the oil refining industry. The particular system which is described is one used in a large refinery which produces various grades of fuel oils, gasoline and coke. Some refineries produce a much wider range of commodities, such as various grades of lubricants, paraffin, etc., but the principles underlying the accumulation of costs in either case are the same

Economic forecasting: Should you buy it?

Economic forecasting

Symposium on Livestock Problems

Part 1 - John C. Macfarlane Livestock, animals raised in confinement, animals in large numbers shipped to other countries, and, of course, those cattle, calves, sheep, swine, goats, poultry and horses raised for the purpose of supplying meat for human and animal consumption will present problems that will increase in importance as long as they exist. Humane problems involving livestock are a hundred times more important and much more complex today than they were a hundred years ago. What can societies do to prevent or reduce this reservoir of potential cruelty? I think we can do many things. Part 2 - Dr. F.J. Mulhern I believe there is a growing awareness today by man of his total environment, and I\u27m speaking to you today as an administrator within government. Man, in looking at his environment, is searching to comprehend its parameters, and he feels very insecure until he really recognizes those parameters. In his search to find these parameters, he has become somewhat confused. However, I believe we are causing some changes in the area that I\u27m deeply associated with and I\u27d like to share some of them with you. I believe you can help us