360 research outputs found
Personality, Emotion and Judgment in Virtual Environments: A Theoretical Framework
As organizations become increasingly reliant on distributive technologies, the processes that underpin the effective functioning of employees in virtual environments require systematic examination. This article provides a theoretical framework for studying personality, emotion and judgment in virtual environments. The communication media characteristics, social context, and individual traits and states are presented to portray the dynamic nature of judgment formation in a virtual environment. We argue that media characteristics, combined with personality, motivation and emergent social contexts serve to shape emotions and resultant judgments. By integrating the Information Systems (IS) and Organizational Behavior/Psychology literatures, we chart a course for research examining personality, emotion and judgments, with implications for any distributed organization
The NR-6: A new brief measure of nature relatedness
The construct of (dis)connection with nature or "nature relatedness" has become increasingly useful in the study of environmental behavior as well as psychological health and well-being. Strong nature relatedness is associated with greater happiness and ecologically sustainable behavior. A number of scales reliably assess individual differences in nature relatedness, but some circumstances may necessitate a brief measure. We developed a short-form version of the nature relatedness scale (NR-6), comprised of 6 items from the "self" and "experience" dimensions, and tested the new scale's predictive ability across multiple samples and with longitudinal data in students, community members, and business people. The new NR-6 scale demonstrated good internal consistency, temporal stability, and predicted happiness, environmental concern, and nature contact. This new brief measure of connectedness may have advantages where time and space are limited and the research context requires an assessment of connectedness elements rather than environmental attitudes
Platinum-group elements and gold in sulfide melts from modern arc basalt (Tolbachik volcano, Kamchatka)
Sulfide melt inclusions entrapped in primitive olivine phenocrysts can be used to understand the compositions of early sulfide melts that may ultimately contribute to magmatic sulfide ore deposits. Sulfide globules hosted in olivine (86â92 mol% Fo) from the Tolbachik basalt (the 1941 eruption) are characterized in terms of their major and trace element abundances using electron microscopy and LAâICPâMS analysis. Distribution of major elements within individual sulfide globules varies from homogeneous to heterogeneous. Phases include monosulfide solid solution (MSS) and intermediate solid solution (ISS) intergrowths and exsolved low-temperature minerals such as pyrrhotite, pentlandite, chalcopyrite and cubanite. Trace elements (platinum-group elements â PGE, Ag, Te, Au, Pb and Bi) are also present in solid solution in sulfide phases and as micron-sized particles (ânuggetsâ). Such nuggets of dominantly Au, Pt, AuâPd and PdâTe are contained randomly within sulfide matrices or, more commonly, at phase boundaries. Nuggets are also attached to outer surfaces of sulfide globules. Concentrations of PGE in sulfides follow a log normal distribution over four orders of magnitude. The highest measured noble metal concentrations in the analyzed globules (436 ppm Au + PGE) are 13.3 ppm Au, 115 ppm Pt and 299 ppm Pd, whereas 40% of globules have < 15 ppm of noble metals. Gold and PGE concentrations correlate, suggesting these elements were concentrated by the same process(es). We propose that a number of anomalous concentrations of one or several noble metals in the analyzed globules can be best explained by entrapment of AuâPGE-rich particles (solid or liquid) from the silicate melt. Although the individual Tolbachik sulfide globules have variable PGE abundances, their mean composition resembles those of major PGE-sulfide ore deposits (e.g., Norilsk, Sudbury, Platreef and Merensky Reef).This study was supported by the Russian Science Foundation grant #16-17-1014
Sulfur degassing at Erta Ale (Ethiopia) and Masaya (Nicaragua) volcanoes: Implications for degassing processes and oxygen fugacities of basaltic systems
We investigate the relationship between sulfur and oxygen fugacity at Erta Ale and Masaya volcanoes. Oxygen fugacity was assessed utilizing Fe 3+/ÎŁFe and major element compositions measured in olivine-hosted melt inclusions and matrix glasses. Erta Ale
Optically Pumped Polarized He Ion Source Development for RHIC/EIC
The proposed polarized He acceleration in RHIC and the future
Electron-Ion Collider will require about ions in the source
pulse. A new technique had been proposed for production of high intensity
polarized He ion beams. It is based on ionization and accumulation
of the He gas (polarized by metastability-exchange optical pumping and in
the 5 T high magnetic field) in the existing Electron Beam Ion Source (EBIS). A
novel He cryogenic purification and storage technique was developed to
provide the required gas purity. An original gas refill and polarized He
gas injection to the EBIS long drift tubes, (which serves as the storage cell)
were developed to ensure polarization preservation. An infrared laser system
for optical pumping and polarization measurements in the high 3--5 T field has
been developed. The He polarization 80--85\% (and sufficiently long
min relaxation time) was obtained in the \lq\lq{open}\rq\rq\ cell
configuration with refilling valve tube inlet and isolation valve closed. The
development of the spin-rotator and He He absolute nuclear polarimeter
at 6 MeV He beam energy is also presented.Comment: 9 pages, 11 figure
Sulfur degassing at Erta Ale (Ethiopia) and Masaya (Nicaragua) volcanoes: Implications for degassing processes and oxygen fugacities of basaltic systems
We investigate the relationship between sulfur and oxygen fugacity at Erta Ale and Masaya volcanoes. Oxygen fugacity was assessed utilizing Fe3+/âFe and major element compositions measured in olivineâhosted melt inclusions and matrix glasses. Erta Ale melts have Fe3+/âFe of 0.15â0.16, reflecting fO2 of ÎQFM 0.0â±â0.3, which is indistinguishable from fO2 calculated from CO2/CO ratios in highâtemperature gases. Masaya is more oxidized at ÎQFM +1.7â±â0.4, typical of arc settings. Sulfur isotope compositions of gases and scoria at Erta Ale (ÎŽ34Sgasâââ0.5â°; ÎŽ34Sscoriaâ+â0.9â°) and Masaya (ÎŽ34Sgasâ+â4.8â°; ÎŽ34Sscoriaâ+â7.4â°) reflect distinct sulfur sources, as well as isotopic fractionation during degassing (equilibrium and kinetic fractionation effects). Sulfur speciation in melts plays an important role in isotope fractionation during degassing and S6+/âS is 0.67 in Masaya melt inclusions. No change is observed in Fe3+/âFe or S6+/âS with extent of S degassing at Erta Ale, indicating negligible effect on fO2, and further suggesting that H2S is the dominant gas species exsolved from the S2âârich melt (i.e., no redistribution of electrons). High SO2/H2S observed in Erta Ale gas emissions is due to gas reâequilibration at low pressure and fixed fO2. Sulfur budget considerations indicate that the majority of S injected into the systems is emitted as gas, which is therefore representative of the magmatic S isotope composition. The composition of the Masaya gas plume (+4.8â°) cannot be explained by fractionation effects but rather reflects recycling of high ÎŽ34S oxidized sulfur through the subduction zone
Societal emotional environments and cross-cultural differences in life satisfaction: A forty-nine country study
In this paper, we introduce the concept of âsocietal emotional environmentâ: the emotional climate of a society (operationalized as the degree to which positive and negative emotions are expressed in a society). Using data collected from 12,888 participants across 49 countries, we show how societal emotional environments vary across countries and cultural clusters, and we consider the potential importance of these differences for well-being. Multilevel analyses supported a âdouble-edged swordâ model of negative emotion expression, where expression of negative emotions predicted higher life satisfaction for the expresser but lower life satisfaction for society. In contrast, partial support was found for higher societal life satisfaction in positive societal emotional environments. Our study highlights the potential utility and importance of distinguishing between positive and negative emotion expression, and adopting both individual and societal perspectives in well-being research. Individual pathways to happiness may not necessarily promote the happiness of others.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
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