Acceptance or rejection? The social experiences of children with special educational needs and disabilities within a mainstream primary school

This article details a study which investigated the social acceptance and friendships of children with SEND, and their typically developing peers, at a mainstream primary school in the North West of England. Participants were 29 children aged five and six years old, separated into three groups; typically developing children, children who were being monitored for SEND, and children with formally identified SENDs. With the use of a peer nomination sociometric technique, findings revealed that children with SEND had less promising peer relations and friendships compared to children tracked for SEND and their typically developing peers, consequently questioning the mainstream ‘ideal’. © 2018, © 2018 ASPE

6ª Diretriz de monitorização ambulatorial da pressão arterial e 4ª diretriz de monitorização residencial da pressão arterial

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T Allele Of -344c/t Polymorphism In Aldosterone Synthase Gene Is Not Associated With Resistant Hypertension

Resistant hypertension (RH) is the maintenance of elevated blood pressure concurrent with the use of three different anti-hypertensive drugs, one of which is a diuretic. The Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System plays a major role in volume-dependent hypertension. Therefore, its components are interesting targets for genetic association studies. This work focused on the -344 C/T polymorphism in the CYP11b2 gene, which encodes aldosterone synthase. This work evaluates the association between T allele and resistance to anti-hypertensive treatment. Genotyping analysis included 88 subjects with RH, 142 who were responsive to anti-hypertensive treatment and 110 subjects as a control group. Plasmatic concentrations of aldosterone, renin and cortisol, carotid intima-media thickness and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity were assessed in a smaller subset of hypertensive patients. An association was found between T allele and hypertension (P<0.005), but there was no difference in allele frequencies between both hypertensive groups. There was no difference in plasmatic parameters either, in remodeling indicators between the genotypic groups.322159162Chobanian AV, Bakris GL, Black HR, Cushman WC, Green LA, Izzo Jr JL, Jones DW, Materson BJ, Oparil S, Wright Jr JT, Roccella EJ. The Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure: The JNC 7 report. JAMA 2003289: 2560-2572Gaddam, K.K., Nishizaka, M.K., Pratt-Ubunama, M.N., Pimenta, E., Aban, I., Oparif, S., Calhoun, D.A., Characterization of resistant hypertension: Association between resistant hypertension, alcosterone, and persistent intravascular volume expansion (2008) Arch Intern Med, 168, pp. 1159-1164Freel, E.M., Ingram, M., Friel, E.C., Fraser, R., Brown, M., Samani, N.J., Caulfield, M., Connell, J.M., Phenotypic consequences of variation across the aldosterone synthase and 11-beta hydroxylase locus in a hypertensive cohort: Data from the MRC BRIGHT Study (2007) Clin Endocrinol (Oxf), 67, pp. 832-838White, P.C., Slutsker, L., Haplotype analysis of CYP11B2 (1995) Endocr Res, 21, pp. 437-442Freitas, S.R., Cabello, P.H., Moura-Neto, R.S., Dolinsky, L.C., Lima, A.B., Barros, M., Bittencourt, I., Cordovil, I.L., Analysis of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system gene polymorphisms in resistant hypertension (2007) Braz J Med Biol Res, 40, pp. 309-316Hilgers, K.F., Schmidt, B.M., Gene variants of aldosterone synthase and hypertension (2005) J Hypertens, 23, pp. 1957-1959Davies, E., Holloway, C.D., Ingram, M.C., Inglis, G.C., Friel, E.C., Morrison, C., Anderson, N.H., Connell, J.M., Aldosterone excretion rate and blood pressure in essential hypertension are related to polymorphic differences in the aldosterone synthase gene CYP11B2 (1999) Hypertension, 33, pp. 703-707Iwai, N., Kajimoto, K., Tomoike, H., Takashima, N., Polymorphism of CYP11B2 determines salt sensitivity in Japanese (2007) Hypertension, 49, pp. 825-831Park, S., Kim, J.B., Shim, C.Y., Ko, Y.G., Choi, D., Jang, Y., Chung, N., The influence of serum aldosterone and the aldosterone-renin ratio on pulse wave velocity in hypertensive patients (2007) J Hypertens, 25, pp. 1279-1283Holaj, R., Zelinka, T., Wichterle, D., Petrak, O., Strauch, B., Widimsky Jr, J., Increased intima-media thickness of the common carotid artery in primary aldosteronism in comparison with essential hypertension (2007) J Hypertens, 25, pp. 1451-1457Boutouyrie, P., Tropeano, A.I., Asmar, R., Gautier, I., Benetos, A., Lacolley, P., Laurent, S., Aortic stiffness is an independent predictor of primary coronary events in hypertensive patients: A longitudinal study (2002) Hypertension, 39, pp. 10-15Laurent, S., Cockcroft, J., Van Bortel, L., Boutouyrie, P., Giannattasio, C., Hayoz, D., Pannier, B., Struijker-Boudier, H., Expert consensus document on arterial stiffness: Methodological issues and clinical applications (2006) Eur Heart J, 27, pp. 2588-2605Pitt, B., Zannad, F., Remme, W.J., Cody, R., Castaigne, A., Perez, A., Palensky, J., Wittes, J., The effect of spironolactone on morbidity and mortality in patients with severe heart failure. Randomized Aldactone Evaluation Study Investigators (1999) N Engl J Med, 341, pp. 709-717Pitt, B., Remme, W., Zannad, F., Neaton, J., Martinez, F., Roniker, B., Bittman, R., Gatlin, M., Eplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker, in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction (2003) N Engl J Med, 348, pp. 1309-1321Schiffrin, E.L., Effects of aldosterone on the vasculature (2006) Hypertension, 47, pp. 312-318Taylor, D.W., Sackett, D.L., Haynes, R.B., Johnson, A.L., Gibson, E.S., Roberts, R.S., Compliance with antihypertensive drug therapy (1978) Ann NY Acad Sci, 304, pp. 390-403Cittadino, M., Goncalves de Sousa, M., Ugar-Toledo, J.C., Rocha, J.C., Tanus-Santos, J.E., Moreno Jr, H., Biochemical endothelial markers and cardiovascular remodeling in refractory arterial hypertension (2003) Clin Exp Hypertens, 25, pp. 25-3

Utilization of Superheroes Social Skills to Reduce Disruptive and Aggressive Behavior

The current pilot study investigated the effectiveness of the Superheroes Social Skills program in decreasing disruptive and aggressive behavior of elementary-age students with high-incidence disabilities. Six students in a self-contained classroom, identified as displaying high rates of disruptive and aggressive behavior toward peers, were included in the study. Social skills training was presented over 10 lessons that targeted instructional control and turn taking skills. Results indicate immediate improvements in disruptive and aggressive behavior. Additionally, follow-up observations revealed maintenance of intervention effects. Sociometric data were collected, with all participants increasing in social network salience. Although use of an ABC design resulted in limited experimental control, preliminary results indicate that the Superheroes Social Skills program may be useful for addressing disruptive and aggressive behaviors

Non-dipping pattern relates to endothelial dysfunction in patients with uncontrolled resistant hypertension

Resistant hypertension (RHTN) includes both patients whose blood pressure (BP) is uncontrolled on three or more medications (uncontrolled RHTN (UCRH)) and patients whose BP is controlled with use of four or more drugs (controlled RHTN (CRH)). It is unknown whether endothelial function and nocturnal drop demonstrate a similar pattern in patients with CRH and UCRH. We examined circadian BP patterns and vascular function in these patients. In all, 40 CRH and 26 UCRH patients, and 25 normotensives underwent biochemical testing, ambulatory BP monitoring, determination of brachial artery responses to endothelial-dependent (flow-mediated; dilation (FMD)) and independent (nitroglycerin mediated) stimuli. The nighttime drop in systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) was less pronounced in UCRH than in CRH (SBP, 1.9±1.6 versus 4.9±1.7%; DBP, 7.5±1.8 versus 10.9±1.8%, UCRH and CRH, respectively;