5,413 research outputs found
Three-frequency resonances in dynamical systems
We investigate numerically and experimentally dynamical systems having three
interacting frequencies: a discrete mapping (a circle map), an exactly solvable
model (a system of coupled ordinary differential equations), and an
experimental device (an electronic oscillator). We compare the hierarchies of
three-frequency resonances we find in each of these systems. All three show
similar qualitative behaviour, suggesting the existence of generic features in
the parameter-space organization of three-frequency resonances.Comment: See home page http://lec.ugr.es/~julya
A meta-analysis of transdiagnostic cognitive behavioural therapy in the treatment of child and young person anxiety disorders
Background: Previous meta-analyses of cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) for children and young people with anxiety disorders have not considered the efďŹcacy of transdiagnostic CBT for the remission of childhood anxiety. Aim: To provide a meta-analysis on the efďŹcacy of transdiagnostic CBT for children and young people with anxiety disorders. Methods: The analysis included randomized controlled trials using transdiagnostic CBT for children and young people formally diagnosed with an anxiety disorder. An electronic search was conducted using the following databases: ASSIA, Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, Current Controlled Trials, Medline, PsycArticles, PsychInfo, and Web of Knowledge. The search terms included âanxiety disorder(s)â, âanxiââ, âcognitive behavioâ, âCBTâ, âchildââ, âchildrenâ, âpaediatricâ, âadolescent(s)â, âadolescenceâ, âyouthâ and âyoung peââ. The studies identiďŹed from this search were screened against the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and 20 studies were identiďŹed as appropriate for inclusion in the current meta-analysis. Pre- and posttreatment (or control period) data were used for analysis. Results: Findings indicated signiďŹcantly greater odds of anxiety remission from pre- to posttreatment for those engaged in the transdiagnostic CBT intervention compared with those in the control group, with children in the treatment condition 9.15 times more likely to recover from their anxiety diagnosis than children in the control group. Risk of bias was not correlated with study effect sizes. Conclusions: Transdiagnostic CBT seems effective in reducing symptoms of anxiety in children and young people. Further research is required to investigate the efďŹcacy of CBT for children under the age of 6
Causation, Measurement Relevance and No-conspiracy in EPR
In this paper I assess the adequacy of no-conspiracy conditions employed in
the usual derivations of the Bell inequality in the context of EPR
correlations. First, I look at the EPR correlations from a purely
phenomenological point of view and claim that common cause explanations of
these cannot be ruled out. I argue that an appropriate common cause explanation
requires that no-conspiracy conditions are re-interpreted as mere common
cause-measurement independence conditions. In the right circumstances then,
violations of measurement independence need not entail any kind of conspiracy
(nor backwards in time causation). To the contrary, if measurement operations
in the EPR context are taken to be causally relevant in a specific way to the
experiment outcomes, their explicit causal role provides the grounds for a
common cause explanation of the corresponding correlations.Comment: 20 pages, 1 figur
Nonlinear Dynamics of the Perceived Pitch of Complex Sounds
We apply results from nonlinear dynamics to an old problem in acoustical
physics: the mechanism of the perception of the pitch of sounds, especially the
sounds known as complex tones that are important for music and speech
intelligibility
Can we use medical examiners' records for suicide surveillance and prevention research in Nova Scotia?
Introduction: Medical examiners' records can contribute to our understanding of the extent of suicide in a population, as well as associated sociodemographic and other factors
Are older people prescribed antidepressants on the basis of fewer symptoms of depression, and for longer periods of time? A survey of 1825 New Zealanders
Aims: To determine whether older people are prescribed antidepressants at lower levels of
depression and with fewer symptoms, and whether they are more likely to engage in chronic
usage.
Methods: An online survey about experiences with, and opinions about, depression and
antidepressants, was completed by 1,825 New Zealand adults who had been prescribed
antidepressants in the preceding five years.
Results: Participants over 55 were prescribed antidepressants with significantly fewer
symptoms and were significantly less likely to meet DSM criteria for depression. They were
also significantly more likely to have used the drugs for three years and still be using them.
Conclusions: Prescribing physicians and their older patients might benefit from discussing
the pros and cons of antidepressants (including the additional risk factors with this age
group) and the alternatives; and, if prescription does occur, careful monitoring to avoid
unnecessary, potentially damaging, long-term use is recommended
Inhibition of Trophoblast-Induced Spiral Artery Remodeling Reduces Placental Perfusion in Rat Pregnancy.
Rats harboring the human angiotensinogen and human renin genes develop preeclamptic features in pregnancy. The preeclamptic rats exhibit a deeper trophoblast invasion associated with a reduced resistance index by uterine
Doppler. Doxycycline inhibits matrix metalloproteinase activity. We tested the hypothesis that matrix metalloproteinase inhibition reduces trophoblast invasion with subsequent changes in placental perfusion. Preeclamptic and pregnant control Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with doxycycline (30 mg/kg of body weight orally) from gestational day 12 until day 18. Placental perfusion was assessed using a micromarker contrast agent. The animals were euthanized on day 18 of pregnancy; biometric data were acquired, and trophoblast invasion was analyzed. Doxycycline resulted in intrauterine growth retardation and lighter placentas in both groups. Maternal body weight was not affected. As shown earlier, preeclamptic rats exhibited a deeper endovascular trophoblast invasion. However, doxycycline treatment reduced trophoblast invasion in the preeclamptic rats. The physiological spiral artery remodeling, as assessed by the deposition of fibrinoid and Îą-actin in the spiral artery contour, was significantly reduced by doxycycline. The vascularity index, as assessed by perfusion measurement of the placenta, was reduced after doxycycline treatment in preeclamptic rats. Thus, matrix metalloproteinase inhibition with doxycycline leads to reduced trophoblast invasion and associated reduced placental perfusion. These studies are the first to show that reducing trophoblast-induced vascular remodeling decreases subsequent placental perfusion. Our model allows the study of dysregulated trophoblast invasion and vascular remodeling in vivo to gain important insights into preeclampsia-related mechanisms
DASI First Results: A Measurement of the Cosmic Microwave Background Angular Power Spectrum
We present measurements of anisotropy in the Cosmic Microwave Background
(CMB) from the first season of observations with the Degree Angular Scale
Interferometer (DASI). The instrument was deployed at the South Pole in the
austral summer 1999--2000, and made observations throughout the following
austral winter. We have measured the angular power spectrum of the CMB in the
range 100<l<900 with high signal-to-noise. In this paper we review the
formalism used in the analysis, in particular the use of constraint matrices to
project out contaminants such as ground and point source signals, and to test
for correlations with diffuse foreground templates. We find no evidence of
foregrounds other than point sources in the data, and find a maximum likelihood
temperature spectral index beta = -0.1 +/- 0.2 (1 sigma), consistent with CMB.
We detect a first peak in the power spectrum at l approx 200, in agreement with
previous experiments. In addition, we detect a peak in the power spectrum at l
approx 550 and power of similar magnitude at l approx 800 which are consistent
with the second and third harmonic peaks predicted by adiabatic inflationary
cosmological models.Comment: 8 pages, 1 figure, minor changes in response to referee comment
Menâs strategies for preserving emotional well-being in advanced prostate cancer: an interpretative phenomenological analysis
Objective
This study explores men with advanced prostate cancersâ own practices for promoting and maintaining emotional well-being using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis.
Design
Five men with advanced prostate cancer participated in face-to-face, semi-structured, in-depth interviews.
Results
Within rich narratives of lost and regained well-being, two super-ordinate themes emerged â âliving with an imminent and uncertain deathâ and âholding on to life.â Well-being was threatened by reduced sense of the future, isolation and uncertainty. Yet, the men pursued well-being by managing their emotions, striving for the future whilst enjoying life in the present, taking care of their families and renegotiating purpose. Running through participantâs accounts was a preference for taking action and problem-solving. Sense of purpose, social connectedness and life-engagement were revealed as concepts central to improving well-being, indicating areas which practitioners could explore with men to help them re-establish personal goals and life-purpose.
Conclusions
The findings also add weight to the evidence base for the potential value of psychological interventions such as cognitive behaviour therapy and mindfulness in men with prostate cancer
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