A QED Shower Including the Next-to-leading Logarithm Correction in e+e- Annihilation

We develop an event generator, NLL-QEDPS, based on the QED shower including the next-to-leading logarithm correction in the e^+e^- annihilation. The shower model is the Monte Carlo technique to solve the renormalization group equation so that they can calculate contributions of alpha^m log^n(S/m_e^2) for any m and n systematically. Here alpha is the QED coupling, m_e is the mass of electron and S is the square of the total energy in the e^+e^- system. While the previous QEDPS is limited to the leading logarithm approximation which includes only contributions of (alpha log(S/m_e^2))^n, the model developed here contains terms of alpha(alpha log(S/m_e^2))^n, the the next-to-leading logarithm correction. The shower model is formulated for the initial radiation in the e^+e^- annihilation. The generator based on it gives us events with q^2, which is a virtual mass squared of the virtual photon and/or Z-boson, in accuracy of 0.04%, except for small q^2/S.Comment: 35 pages, 1 figure(eps-file

Test of QEDPS: A Monte Carlo for the hard photon distributions in e+ e- annihilation proecss

The validity of a photon shower generator QEDPS has been examined in detail. This is formulated based on the leading-logarithmic renormalization equation for the electron structure function and it provides a photon shower along the initial e+-. The main interest in the present work is to test the reliability of the generator to describe a process accompanying hard photons which are detected. For this purpose, by taking the HZ production as the basic reaction, the total cross section and some distributions of the hard photons are compared between two cases that these photons come from either those generated by QEDPS or the hard process e+e- -> H Z gamma gamma. The comparison performed for the single and the double hard photon has shown a satisfactory agreement which demonstrated that the model is self-consistent.Comment: 22 pages, 4 Postscript figures, LaTeX, uses epsf.te

Superfluid-Mott Insulator Transition of Spin-1 Bosons in an Optical Lattice

We have studied superfluid-Mott insulating transition of spin-1 bosons interacting antiferromagnetically in an optical lattice. We have obtained the zero-temperature phase diagram by a mean-field approximation and have found that the superfluid phase is to be a polar state as a usual trapped spin-1 Bose gas. More interestingly, we have found that the Mott-insulating phase is strongly stabilized only when the number of atoms per site is even.Comment: 9 pages, 1 figur

QED Radiative Corrections to the Non-annihilation Processes Using the Structure Function and the Parton Shower

Inclusion of the QED higher order radiative corrections in the two-photon process, e+e- -> e+e- mu+mu-, is examined by means of the structure function and the parton shower. Results are compared with the exact $O(\alpha)$ calculations and give a good agreement. These two methods should be universally applicable to any other non-annihilation processes like the single-W productions in the e+e- collisions. In this case, however, the energy scale for the evolution by the renormalization-group equation should be chosen properly depending on the dominant diagrams for the given process. A method to find the most suitable energy scale is proposed.Comment: 17 pages, LaTeX, 5 figure

QED Radiative Correction for the Single-W Production using a Parton Shower Method

A parton shower method for the photonic radiative correction is applied to the single W-boson production processes. The energy scale for the evolution of the parton shower is determined so that the correct soft-photon emission is reproduced. Photon spectra radiated from the partons are compared with those from the exact matrix elements, and show a good agreement. Possible errors due to a inappropriate energy-scale selection or due to the ambiguity of energy scale determination are also discussed, particularly for the measurements on triple gauge-couplings.Comment: 17 pages, 6 Postscript figure

grc4f v1.0: a Four-fermion Event Generator for e+e- Collisions

grc4f is a Monte-Carlo package for generating e+e- to 4-fermion processes in the standard model. All of the 76 LEP-2 allowed fermionic final state processes evaluated at tree level are included in version 1.0. grc4f addresses event simulation requirements at e+e- colliders such as LEP and up-coming linear colliders. Most of the attractive aspects of grc4f come from its link to the GRACE system: a Feynman diagram automatic computation system. The GRACE system has been used to produce the computational code for all final states, giving a higher level of confidence in the calculation correctness. Based on the helicity amplitude calculation technique, all fermion masses can be kept finite and helicity information can be propagated down to the final state particles. The phase space integration of the matrix element gives the total and differential cross sections, then unweighted events are Generated. Initial state radiation (ISR) corrections are implemented in two ways, one is based on the electron structure function formalism and the second uses the parton shower algorithm called QEDPS. The latter can also be applied for final state radiation (FSR) though the interference with the ISR is not yet taken into account. Parton shower and hadronization of the final quarks are performed through an interface to JETSET. Coulomb correction between two intermediate W's, anomalous coupling as well as gluon contributions in the hadronic processes are also included.Comment: 30 pages, LaTeX, 5 pages postscript figures, uuencode

Combination quantum oscillations in canonical single-band Fermi liquids

Chemical potential oscillations mix individual-band frequencies of the de Haas-van Alphen (dHvA) and Shubnikov-de Haas (SdH) magneto-oscillations in canonical low-dimensional multi-band Fermi liquids. We predict a similar mixing in canonical single-band Fermi liquids, which Fermi-surfaces have two or more extremal cross-sections. Combination harmonics are analysed using a single-band almost two-dimensional energy spectrum. We outline some experimental conditions allowing for resolution of combination harmonics