12,823 research outputs found

    Polyimides prepared from 3,5-diamino benzo trifluoride

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    High performance, thermooxidatively stable polyimides are prepared by reacting aromatic diamines with pendant trifluoromethyl groups and dianhydrides in an amide solvent to form a poly(amic acid), followed by cyclizing the poly(amic acid) to form the corresponding polyimide

    Isomeric oxydiphthalic anhydride polyimides

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    Much of the polyimide research at Langley Research Center has focused on isomeric modification of the diamine component; polyimides having considerably improved processability and adhesion have resulted. The present structure-property study was designed to investigate how isomeric attachment of the three oxydiphthalic anhydride (ODPA) polyimides affects their properties. Each dianhydride, 3,4,3',4'-oxydiphthalic anhydride (4,4'-OPDA,I), 2,3,2',3'-oxydiphthalic anhydride (3,3'-ODPA,II), and 2,3,3',4'-oxydiphthalic anhydride (3,4'-OPDA,III), was reacted with p-phenylenediamine, 4,4'-oxydianiline, 3,3'-diaminodiphenylsulfone, 3,3'-diaminobenzophenone, and 4,4'-bis(3-aminophenoxy)benzophenone in DMAc. The inherent viscosities of the resulting poly(amic acids) were determined. Thermally imidized films were studied for their creasability and solubility, as well as by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and wide angle X-ray scattering (WAXS). A comparison of these properties will be made

    Transverse "resistance overshoot" in a Si/SiGe two-dimensional electron gas in the quantum Hall effect regime

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    We investigate the peculiarities of the "overshoot" phenomena in the transverse Hall resistance R_{xy} in Si/SiGe. Near the low magnetic field end of the quantum Hall effect plateaus, when the filling factor \nu approaches an integer i, R_{xy} overshoots the normal plateau value h/ie^2. However, if magnetic field B increases further, R_{xy} decreases to its normal value. It is shown that in the investigated sample n-Si/Si_{0.7}Ge_{0.3}, overshoots exist for almost all \nu. Existence of overshoot in R_{xy} observed in different materials and for different \nu, where splitting of the adjacent Landau bands has different character, hints at the common origin of this effect. Comparison of the experimental curves R_{xy}(\nu) for \nu = 3 and \nu = 5 with and without overshoot showed that this effect exist in the whole interval between plateaus, not only in the region where R_{xy} exceeds the normal plateau value.Comment: 3 pages, 5 EPS figure

    A study of thermal transitions in a new semicrystalline thermoplastic polyimide

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    A polyimide derive from 4,4'-isophthaloyl diphthalic anhydride (IDPA) and 1,3-bis (4-aminophenoxy 4'-benzoyl) benzene (1,3-BABB) having semicrystalline behavior was prepared and characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and wide angle X-ray scattering (WAXS). Thus a poly(amic acid) film cured in air for one hour each at 100 and 200 C displayed an endotherm at 286 C, followed by a crystallization exotherm at 317 C, and a second melting transition at 350 C. The 286 C melting point appeared to result from earlier solvent-induced crystallization. Films cast from DMAc, air dried, and soaked in methylene chloride could not be induced into semicrystallinity. The fully cured polyimide has a Tg of 216 C. Films heated to temperatures as high as 100 C for one hour in air were transparent and light yellow in color. Those films heated to or above 125 C were translucent. Polarized light microscopy revealed the presence of spherulites 608 micrometers in diameter in a sample cured to 275 C in air. Two film samples, one cured to 275 and the other to 325 C, were evaluated for tensile and ultimate strength, modulus, and percent elongation at 25 and 200 C. These values remained essentially constant at each test temperature

    Segmented printed circuit board electrode for locally-resolved current density measurements in all-vanadium redox flow batteries

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    One of the most important parameters for the design of redox flow batteries is a uniform distribution of the electrolyte solution over the complete electrode area. The performance of redox flow batteries is usually investigated by general measurements of the cell in systematic experimental studies such as galvanostatic charge-discharge cycling. Local inhomogeneity within the electrode cannot be locally-resolved. In this study a printed circuit board (PCB) with a segmented current collector was integrated into a 40 cm2 all-vanadium redox flow battery to analyze the locally-resolved current density distribution of the graphite felt electrode. Current density distribution during charging and discharging of the redox flow battery indicated different limiting influences. The local current density in redox flow batteries mainly depends on the transport of the electrolyte solution. Due to this correlation, the electrolyte flow in the porous electrode can be visualized. A PCB electrode can easily be integrated into the flow battery and can be scaled to nearly any size of the electrode area. The carbon coating of the PCB enables direct contact to the corrosive electrolyte, whereby the sensitivity of the measurement method is increased compared to state-of-the-art methods

    Pressure-Induced Rotational Symmetry Breaking in URu2_2Si2_2

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    Phase transitions and symmetry are intimately linked. Melting of ice, for example, restores translation invariance. The mysterious hidden order (HO) phase of URu2_2Si2_2 has, despite relentless research efforts, kept its symmetry breaking element intangible. Here we present a high-resolution x-ray diffraction study of the URu2_2Si2_2 crystal structure as a function of hydrostatic pressure. Below a critical pressure threshold pc≈3p_c\approx3 kbar, no tetragonal lattice symmetry breaking is observed even below the HO transition THO=17.5T_{HO}=17.5 K. For p>pcp>p_c, however, a pressure-induced rotational symmetry breaking is identified with an onset temperatures TOR∼100T_{OR}\sim 100 K. The emergence of an orthorhombic phase is found and discussed in terms of an electronic nematic order that appears unrelated to the HO, but with possible relevance for the pressure-induced antiferromagnetic (AF) phase. Existing theories describe the HO and AF phases through an adiabatic continuity of a complex order parameter. Since none of these theories predicts a pressure-induced nematic order, our finding adds an additional symmetry breaking element to this long-standing problem.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures and supplemental material

    Ring lens focusing and push-pull tracking scheme for optical disk systems

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    An experimental comparison of the ring lens and the astigmatic techniques of generating focus-error-signal (FES) in optical disk systems reveals that the ring lens generates a FES over two times steeper than that produced by the astigmat. Partly due to this large slope and, in part, because of its diffraction-limited behavior, the ring lens scheme exhibits superior performance characteristics. In particular the undesirable signal known as 'feedthrough' (induced on the FES by track-crossings during the seek operation) is lower by a factor of six compared to that observed with the astigmatic method. The ring lens is easy to align and has reasonable tolerance for positioning errors

    Orientational phase transitions in anisotropic rare-earth magnets at low temperatures

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    Orientational phase transitions are investigated within the Heisenberg model with single-site anisotropy. The temperature dependence of the cone angle is calculated within the spin-wave theory. The role of the quantum renormalizations of anisotropy constants is discussed. A comparison with the experimental data on the cone-plane orientational transition in holmium is performed.Comment: 9 pages, LaTeX, 3 figure

    Dominant g(9/2)^2 neutron configuration in the 4+1 state of 68Zn based on new g factor measurements

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    The gg factor of the 41+4_1^+ state in 68^{68}Zn has been remeasured with improved energy resolution of the detectors used. The value obtained is consistent with the previous result of a negative gg factor thus confirming the dominant 0g9/20g_{9/2} neutron nature of the 41+4_1^+ state. In addition, the accuracy of the gg factors of the 21+2_1^+, 22+2_2^+ and 31−3_1^- states has been improved an d their lifetimes were well reproduced. New large-scale shell model calculations based on a 56^{56}Ni core and an 0f5/21pg9/20f_{5/2}1pg_{9/2} model space yield a theoretical value, g(41+)=+0.008g(4_1^+) = +0.008. Although the calculated value is small, it cannot fully explain the experimental value, g(41+)=−0.37(17)g(4_1^+) = -0.37(17). The magnitude of the deduced B(E2) of the 41+4_1^+ and 21+2_1^+ transition is, however, rather well described. These results demonstrate again the importance of gg factor measurements for nuclear structure determination s due to their specific sensitivity to detailed proton and neutron components in the nuclear wave functions.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figs, submitted to PL
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