3,030 research outputs found
On the theory of magnetic field dependence of heat conductivity in dielectric in isotropic model
Phonon polarization in a magnetic field is analyzed in isotropic model. It is
shown, that at presence of spin-phonon interaction phonon possess circular
polari-zation which causes the appearance of heat flux component perpendicular
both to temperature gradient and magnetic field.Comment: 5 pages, 0 figure
Dialogical self strategies of self-organization: psychotherapy and restructuring of internal management
A identidade tem sido um conceito central na literatura em psicologia e na forma como as diferentes abordagens terapĂȘuticas tĂȘm concebido os processos de mudança. Entre as inĂșmeras perspectivas desenvolvidas sobre essa dimensĂŁo do ser humano, destacamos o paradigma dialĂłgico que tem vindo a influenciar de forma crescente a teoria e prĂĄtica em psicoterapia. Segundo esta perspectiva, a funcionalidade psicolĂłgica estĂĄ relacionada com o modo como os indivĂduos conseguem articular e colocar em diĂĄlogo produtivo as suas vĂĄrias vozes ou posiçÔes de identidade. Neste artigo apresentamos uma revisĂŁo da literatura sobre as estratĂ©gias que subjazem a essa capacidade auto-organizadora do sistema identitĂĄrio e sobre as diretrizes que poderĂŁo orientar uma intervenção terapĂȘutica dialĂłgica quando essa capacidade se torna disfuncional.Self-concept has been playing a crucial role in psychological literature and in the way the different therapeutic approaches conceive the processes of change. From the diverse perspectives developed about this human dimension, we emphasise the dialogical paradigm that has been increasingly influential in the psychotherapeutic theory and practice. According to the dialogical perspective the psychological well-being is dependent on the way individuals articulate and maintain productive dialogues between the different voices of the self or âI-Positionsâ. In this paper we present a review of the literature on the strategies that underlie this self-regulatory ability of the self-system and the guidelines of the dialogical therapeutic intervention that could be used when these self-regulatory strategies become dysfunctional.(undefined
'I-I' and 'I-me' : Transposing Buber's interpersonal attitudes to the intrapersonal plane
Hermans' polyphonic model of the self proposes that dialogical relationships can be established between multiple I-positions1 (e.g., Hermans, 2001a). There have been few attempts, however, to explicitly characterize the forms that these intrapersonal relationships may take. Drawing on Buber's (1958) distinction between the 'I-Thou' and 'I-It' attitude, it is proposed that intrapersonal relationships can take one of two forms: an 'I-I' form, in which one I-position encounters and confirms another I-position in its uniqueness and wholeness; and an 'I-Me' form, in which one I-position experiences another I-position in a detached and objectifying way. This article argues that this I-Me form of intrapersonal relating is associated with psychological distress, and that this is so for a number of reasons: Most notably, because an individual who objectifies and subjugates certain I-position cannot reconnect with more central I-positions when dominance reversal (Hermans, 2001a) takes place. On this basis, it is suggested that a key role of the therapeutic process is to help clients become more able to experience moments of I-I intrapersonal encounter, and it is argued that this requires the therapist to confirm the client both as a whole and in terms of each of his or her different voices
The role of Rayleigh-Taylor instabilities in filament threads
Many solar filaments and prominences show short-lived horizontal threads
lying parallel to the photosphere. In this work the possible link between
Rayleigh-Taylor instabilities and thread lifetimes is investigated. This is
done by calculating the eigenmodes of a thread modelled as a Cartesian slab
under the presence of gravity. An analytical dispersion relation is derived
using the incompressible assumption for the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD)
perturbations. The system allows a mode that is always stable, independently of
the value of the Alfv\'en speed in the thread. The character of this mode
varies from being localised at the upper interface of the slab when the
magnetic field is weak, to having a global nature and resembling the transverse
kink mode when the magnetic field is strong. On the contrary, the slab model
permits another mode that is unstable and localised at the lower interface when
the magnetic field is weak. The growth rates of this mode can be very short, of
the order of minutes for typical thread conditions. This Rayleigh-Taylor
unstable mode becomes stable when the magnetic field is increased, and in the
limit of strong magnetic field it is essentially a sausage magnetic mode. The
gravity force might have a strong effect on the modes of oscillation of
threads, depending on the value of the Alfv\'en speed. In the case of threads
in quiescent filaments, where the Alfv\'en speed is presumably low, very short
lifetimes are expected according to the slab model. In active region
prominences, the stabilising effect of the magnetic tension might be enough to
suppress the Rayleigh-Taylor instability for a wide range of wavelengths
Poisson structures for reduced non-holonomic systems
Borisov, Mamaev and Kilin have recently found certain Poisson structures with
respect to which the reduced and rescaled systems of certain non-holonomic
problems, involving rolling bodies without slipping, become Hamiltonian, the
Hamiltonian function being the reduced energy. We study further the algebraic
origin of these Poisson structures, showing that they are of rank two and
therefore the mentioned rescaling is not necessary. We show that they are
determined, up to a non-vanishing factor function, by the existence of a system
of first-order differential equations providing two integrals of motion. We
generalize the form of that Poisson structures and extend their domain of
definition. We apply the theory to the rolling disk, the Routh's sphere, the
ball rolling on a surface of revolution, and its special case of a ball rolling
inside a cylinder.Comment: 22 page
The prognostic value of the hypoxia markers CA IX and GLUT 1 and the cytokines VEGF and IL 6 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma treated by radiotherapy ± chemotherapy
BACKGROUND: Several parameters of the tumor microenvironment, such as hypoxia, inflammation and angiogenesis, play a critical role in tumor aggressiveness and treatment response. A major question remains if these markers can be used to stratify patients to certain treatment protocols. The purpose of this study was to investigate the inter-relationship and the prognostic significance of several biological and clinicopathological parameters in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) treated by radiotherapy ± chemotherapy. METHODS: We used two subgroups of a retrospective series for which CT-determined tumoral perfusion correlated with local control. In the first subgroup (n = 67), immunohistochemistry for carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX) and glucose transporter-1 (GLUT-1) was performed on the pretreatment tumor biopsy. In the second subgroup (n = 34), enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to determine pretreatment levels of the cytokines vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in serum. Correlation was investigated between tumoral perfusion and each of these biological markers, as well as between the markers mutually. The prognostic value of these microenvironmental parameters was also evaluated. RESULTS: For CA IX and GLUT-1, the combined assessment of patients with both markers expressed above the median showed an independent correlation with local control (p = 0.02) and disease-free survival (p = 0.04) with a trend for regional control (p = 0.06). In the second subgroup, IL-6 pretreatment serum level above the median was the only independent predictor of local control (p = 0.009), disease-free survival (p = 0.02) and overall survival (p = 0.005). CONCLUSION: To our knowledge, we are the first to report a link in HNSCC between IL-6 pretreatment serum levels and radioresistance in vivo. This link is supported by the strong prognostic association of pretreatment IL-6 with local control, known to be the most important parameter to judge radiotherapy responses. Furthermore, the combined assessment of CA IX and GLUT-1 correlated independently with prognosis. This is a valuable indication that a combined approach is important in the investigation of prognostic markers
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