493 research outputs found
Metal-insulator transition and the Pr/Pr valence shift in (PrY)CaCoO
The magnetic, electric and thermal properties of the
(Y)CaCoO perovskites (~=~Pr, Nd) were
investigated down to very low temperatures. The main attention was given to a
peculiar metal-insulator transition, which is observed in the praseodymium
based samples with and 0.15 at and 132~K, respectively.
The study suggests that the transition, reported originally in
PrCaCoO, is not due to a mere change of cobalt ions from
the intermediate- to the low-spin states, but is associated also with a
significant electron transfer between Pr and Co/Co sites,
so that the praseodymium ions occur below in a mixed
Pr/Pr valence. The presence of Pr ions in the insulating
phase of the yttrium doped samples (PrY)CaCoO
is evidenced by Schottky peak originating in Zeeman splitting of the ground
state Kramers doublet. The peak is absent in pure PrCaCoO
in which metallic phase, based solely on non-Kramers Pr ions, is
retained down to the lowest temperature.Comment: 10 figure
Magnetism in heavy-fermion U(Pt,Pd)3 studied by mSR
We report mSR experiments carried out on a series of heavy-electron
pseudobinary compounds U(Pt1-xPdx)3 (x<=0.05). For x<=0.005 the zero-field muon
depolarisation is described by the Kubo-Toyabe function. However the
temperature variation of the Kubo-Toyabe relaxation rate does not show any sign
of the small-moment antiferromagnetic phase with TN~6 K (signalled by neutron
diffraction), in contrast to previous reports. The failure to detect the small
ordered moment suggests it has a fluctuating (> 10 MHz) nature, which is
consistent with the interpretation of NMR data. For 0.01<=x<=0.05 the muon
depolarisation in the ordered state is described by two terms of equal
amplitude: an exponentially damped spontaneous oscillation and a Lorentzian
Kubo-Toyabe function. These terms are associated with antiferromagnetic order
with substantial moments. The Knight-shift measured in a magnetic field of 0.6
T on single-crystalline U(Pt0.95Pd0.05)3 in the paramagnetic state shows two
signals for B perpendicular to c, while only one signal is observed for B||c.
The observation of two signals for B perpendicular to c, while there is only
one muon localisation site (0,0,0), points to the presence of two spatially
distinct regions of different magnetic response.Comment: 25 pages including 12 figures (PS), J. Phys.: Condens. Matter, in
prin
Impurity effects in superconducting UPt3
Superconducting UPt3 is characterized by a novel and complex magnetic field‐temperature phase diagram, with two superconducting transitions at Tc1 and Tc2 in zero field. We have studied the effects of Pd and Y impurities on the zero field superconducting properties of UPt3. Resistance measurements show that both dopants increase the residual resistivity and decrease the spin fluctuation temperature in the normal state. Tc1 is depressed by both dopants, but more effectively by Pd. ‖Tc1 − Tc2‖ is essentially unaffected by Y doping, but increases dramatically with Pd doping.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/70706/2/JAPIAU-69-8-5487-1.pd
Rare earth contributions to the X-ray magnetic circular dichroism at the Co K edge in rare earth-cobalt compounds investigated by multiple-scattering calculations
The X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) has been measured at the Co K
edge in Co-hcp and R-Co compounds (R=La, Tb, Dy). The structure of the
experimental XMCD spectra in the near-edge region has been observed to be
highly sensitive to the magnetic environment of the absorbing site.
Calculations of the XMCD have been carried out at the Co K edge in Co metal,
LaCo and TbCo within the multiple-scattering framework including the
spin-orbit coupling. In the three systems, the XMCD spectra in the near-edge
region are well reproduced. The possibility to separate and quantitatively
estimate the local effects from those due to the neighboring atoms in the XMCD
cross section makes possible a more physical understanding of the spectra. The
present results emphasize the major role played by the states of the Tb
ions in the XMCD spectrum at the Co K edge in the TbCo compound.Comment: 34 pages, revtex, 10 eps figures included with epsf, after referee
revie
Identifying the pairing symmetry in the Sr2RuO4 superconductor
We have analyzed heat capacity and thermal conductivity measurements of
Sr2RuO4 in the normal and superconducting state and come to the conclusion that
an order parameter with nodal lines on the Fermi surface is required to account
for the observed low-temperature behavior. A gapped order parameter is
inconsistent with the reported thermodynamic and transport data. Guided by a
strongly peaked dynamical susceptibility along the diagonals of the Brillouin
zone in neutron scattering data, we suggest a spin-fluctuation mechanism that
would favor the pairing state with the gap maxima along the zone diagonals
(such as for a d_{xy} gap). The most plausible candidates are an odd parity,
spin-triplet, f-wave pairing state, or an even parity, spin-singlet, d-wave
state. Based on our analysis of possible pairing functions we propose
measurements of the ultrasound attenuation and thermal conductivity in the
magnetic field to further constrain the list of possible pairing states.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figures; updated list of references and extended
introduction; to appear in Phys. Rev. B (Oct. 2000
Differences in treatment choices between prostate cancer patients using a decision aid and patients receiving care as usual:Results from a randomized controlled trial
Contains fulltext :
241596.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access
Assessing measurement invariance in the EORTC QLQ-C30
PURPOSE: We aimed to investigate measurement invariance (MI) in the European Organisation for research and treatment of cancer quality of life questionnaire core 30 (EORTC QLQ-C30) in a heterogeneous sample of patients with cancer. METHODS: Data from 12 studies within the PROFILES registry were used for secondary analyses (n = 7007). We tested MI by successive restrictions on thresholds, loadings, and intercepts across subgroups based on primary cancer sites, age, sex, time since diagnosis, and life stage, using multigroup confirmatory factor analysis (MGCFA) for ordered categorical measures. We also evaluated the impact of potentially miss-specified parameter equality across groups on latent factor means by releasing threshold and loading equality constraints for each item at a time. RESULTS: Results showed that the highest level of MI (invariance of thresholds, loadings, and intercepts) was found across groups based on time since diagnosis and life stage and to a lesser extent across groups based on sex, age, and primary tumor site. On item level, however, changes in the item’s associated factor means were relatively small and in most cases canceled each other out to some extent. CONCLUSIONS: Given only a few instances of non-invariance in our study, there is reason to be confident that valid conclusions can be drawn from between-group comparisons of QLQ-C30 latent means as operationalized in our study. Nonetheless, further research into MI between other subgroups for the QLQ-C30 (i.e., treatment effects and ethnicity) is warranted. We stress the importance of including MI evaluations in the development and validation of measurement instruments. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11136-021-02961-8
Children's Mental Models of Prenatal Development
Children's thinking about prenatal development requires reasoning about change that cannot be observed directly. How do children gain knowledge about this topic? Do children have mental models or is their knowledge fragmented? In Experiment 1, results of a forced-choice questionnaire about prenatal development (6- to 13-year-olds; N = 317) indicated that children do have a variety of coherent, grade-related, theories about early shape of the fetus, but not about bodily functions. Coherence of the mental models was enhanced by a preceding generative task. Children's mental models were in agreement with reasoning about natural transformations (Rosengren et al., 1991) and constraints in representational flexibility (Karmiloff-Smith, 1992). In Experiment 2, an open-question interview was administered (6- to 12-year-old children; N = 38). The interview resulted in grade-unrelated, incoherent responses. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of naïve biology and to the effects of different methodologies being used in the area of mental models
Superconductivity in heavy-fermion U(Pt,Pd)3 and its interplay with magnetism
The effect of Pd doping on the superconducting phase diagram of the
unconventional superconductor UPt3 has been measured by (magneto)resistance,
specific heat, thermal expansion and magnetostriction. Experiments on single-
and polycrystalline U(Pt1-xPdx)3 for x<= 0.006 show that the superconducting
transition temperatures of the A phase, Tc+, and of the B phase, Tc-, both
decrease, while the splitting DTc increases at a rate of 0.30(2)K/at.%Pd. We
find that DTc(x) correlates with an increase of the weak magnetic moment m(x)
upon Pd doping. This provides further evidence for Ginzburg-Landau scenarios
with magnetism as the symmetry breaking field, i.e. the 2D E representation and
the 1D odd parity model. Only for small splittings DTc is proportional to
m^2(Tc+) (DTc<= 0.05 K) as predicted. The results at larger splittings call for
Ginzburg-Landau expansions beyond 4th order. The tetracritical point in the B-T
plane persists till at least x= 0.002 for B perpendicular to c, while it is
rapidly suppressed for B||c. Upon alloying the A and B phases gain stability at
the expense of the C phase.Comment: 25 pages text (PS), 8 pages with 14 figures (PS), submitted to
Phys.Rev.
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