Microbiome Composition and Function in Aquatic Vertebrates: Small Organisms Making Big Impacts on Aquatic Animal Health

Aquatic ecosystems are under increasing stress from global anthropogenic and natural changes, including climate change, eutrophication, ocean acidification, and pollution. In this critical review, we synthesize research on the microbiota of aquatic vertebrates and discuss the impact of emerging stressors on aquatic microbial communities using two case studies, that of toxic cyanobacteria and microplastics. Most studies to date are focused on host-associated microbiomes of individual organisms, however, few studies take an integrative approach to examine aquatic vertebrate microbiomes by considering both host-associated and free-living microbiota within an ecosystem. We highlight what is known about microbiota in aquatic ecosystems, with a focus on the interface between water, fish, and marine mammals. Though microbiomes in water vary with geography, temperature, depth, and other factors, core microbial functions such as primary production, nitrogen cycling, and nutrient metabolism are often conserved across aquatic environments. We outline knowledge on the composition and function of tissue-specific microbiomes in fish and marine mammals and discuss the environmental factors influencing their structure. The microbiota of aquatic mammals and fish are highly unique to species and a delicate balance between respiratory, skin, and gastrointestinal microbiota exists within the host. In aquatic vertebrates, water conditions and ecological niche are driving factors behind microbial composition and function. We also generate a comprehensive catalog of marine mammal and fish microbial genera, revealing commonalities in composition and function among aquatic species, and discuss the potential use of microbiomes as indicators of health and ecological status of aquatic ecosystems. We also discuss the importance of a focus on the functional relevance of microbial communities in relation to organism physiology and their ability to overcome stressors related to global change. Understanding the dynamic relationship between aquatic microbiota and the animals they colonize is critical for monitoring water quality and population health

PKM MASYARAKAT PESISIR DENGAN PENCEGAHAN DIABETES MELITUS DAN HIPERURISEMIA DI KAMPUNG BULO KECAMATAN TABUKAN SELATAN KABUPATEN KEPULAUAN SANGIHE PROVINSI SULAWESI UTARA

Diabetes Melitus (DM) adalah suatu kumpulan gejala yang timbul pada seseorang yang disebabkan oleh karena adanya peningkatan kadar gula darah (glukosa) darah akibat kekurangan insulin baik absolut maupun relative. Sedangkan hiperurisemia (asam urat berlebih) adalah kosentrasi asam urat yang larut dalam darah (> 6.8 mg/dl) akibat over produksi asam urat atau ekskresi (pengeluaran) yang berkurang serta kelainan kosentrasi zat dalam serum yang cukup sering ditemukan. Kampung Bulo Kecamatan Tabukan Selatan merupakan salah satu kampung di Kabupaten Kepulauan Sangihe. Kampung ini terletak + 5 mil dari Ibukota Kecamatan dan merupakan sebuah pulau yang harus dilalui dengan perahu motor kira-kira 15-20 menit Karakteristik masyarakat diKampung Bulo Kecamatan Tabukan Selatan sangat berpotensi menimbulkan angka kasus DM dan hiperurisemia menjadi tinggi karena masyarakat Kampung Bulo mengalami perubahan gaya hidup yakni sering mengkonsumsi makanan tinggi purin dan memiliki kebiasaan minum alcohol serta kurangnya pengawasan terhadap peningkatan kadar gula darah dan kadar asam urat berlebih dalam darah. Metode yang digunakan untuk menyekesaikan permasalahan mitra adalah dengan penyuluhan kesehatan dan pemeriksaan kesehatan. Masyarakat yang hadir saat penyuluhan kesehatan berjumlah 48 orang dan yang melakukan pemeriksaan kesehatan berjumlah 41 orang

Exact ground-state correlation functions of the one-dimensional strongly correlated electron models with the resonating-valence-bond ground state

We investigate the one-dimensional strongly correlated electron models which have the resonating-valence-bond state as the exact ground state. The correlation functions are evaluated exactly using the transfer matrix method for the geometric representations of the valence-bond states. In this method, we only treat matrices with small dimensions. This enables us to give analytical results. It is shown that the correlation functions decay exponentially with distance. The result suggests that there is a finite excitation gap, and that the ground state is insulating. Since the corresponding non-interacting systems may be insulating or metallic, we can say that the gap originates from strong correlation. The persistent currents of the present models are also investigated and found to be exactly vanishing.Comment: 59 pages, REVTeX 3.0, Figures are available on reques

Blue Challenge Program: een nieuwe combinatie van diensten voor een duurzame aquacultuur

Een overzicht van actuele ontwikkelingen binnen de aquacultuur en daaraan gekoppeld de mogelijkheden (kansen) om die ontwikkelingen versneld in gang te zette

Determination of the basin of attraction of a periodic orbit in two dimensions using meshless collocation

A contraction metric for an autonomous ordinary differential equation is a Riemannian metric such that the distance between adjacent solutions contracts over time. A contraction metric can be used to determine the basin of attraction of a periodic orbit without requiring information about its position or stability. Moreover, it is robust to small perturbations of the system. In two-dimensional systems, a contraction metric can be characterised by a scalar-valued function. In [9], the function was constructed as solution of a first-order linear Partial Differential Equation (PDE), and numerically constructed using meshless collocation. However, information about the periodic orbit was required, which needed to be approximated. In this paper, we overcome this requirement by studying a second-order PDE, which does not require any information about the periodic orbit. We show that the second-order PDE has a solution, which defines a contraction metric. We use meshless collocation to approximate the solution and prove error estimates. In particular, we show that the approximation itself is a contraction metric, if the collocation points are dense enough. The method is applied to two examples

Grid refinement in the construction of Lyapunov functions using radial basis functions

Lyapunov functions are a main tool to determine the domain of attraction of equilibria in dynamical systems. Recently, several methods have been presented to construct a Lyapunov function for a given system. In this paper, we improve the construction method for Lyapunov functions using Radial Basis Functions. We combine this method with a new grid refinement algorithm based on Voronoi diagrams. Starting with a coarse grid and applying the refinement algorithm, we thus manage to reduce the number of data points needed to construct Lyapunov functions. Finally, we give numerical examples to illustrate our algorithms