43 research outputs found
Dynamics of Quasi-ordered Structure in a Regio-regulated pi-Conjugated Polymer:Poly(4-methylthiazole-2,5-diyl)
Dynamics of regio-regulated Poly(4-methylthiazole-2,5-diyl) [HH-P4MeTz] was
inves tigated by solid-state 1H, 2D, 13C NMR spectroscopies, and differential
scanning calorimetry(DSC) measurements. DSC, 2D quadrupolar echo NMR, 13C
cross-polarization and magic-angle spinning(CPMAS) NMR, and 2D spin-echo(2DSE)
CPMAS NMR spectroscopy suggest existence of a quasi-ordered phase in which
backbone twists take place with weakened pi-stackings. Two-dimensional exchange
2D NMR(2DEX) detected slow dynamics with a rate of an order of 10^2Hz for the
CD_3 group in d_3-HH-P4MeTz at 288K. The frequency dependence of proton
longitudinal relaxation rate at 288K shows a omega^-1/2 dependence, which is
due to the one-dimensional diffusion-like motion of backbone conformational
modulation waves. The diffusion rate was estimated as 3+/-2 GHz, which was
approximately 10^7 times larger than that estimated by 2DEX NMR measurements.
These results suggest that there exists anomalous dispersion of modulation
waves in HH-P4MeTz. The one-dimensional group velocity of the wave packet is
responsible for the behavior of proton longitudinal relaxation time. On the
other hand, the 2DEX NMR is sensitive to phase velocity of the nutation of
methyl groups that is associated with backbone twists. From proton T_1 and T_2
measurements, the activation energy was estimated as 2.9 and 3.4 kcal/mol,
respectively. These were in agreement with 3.0 kcal/mol determined by
Moller-Plesset(MP2) molecular orbital(MO) calculation. We also performed
chemical shielding calculation of the methyl-carbon in order to understand
chemical shift tensor behavior, leading to the fact that a quasi-ordered phase
coexist with the crystalline phase.Comment: 14 pages, 11 figures, to appear in Phys.Rev.
Modelos de crecimiento y producción en España: historia, ejemplos contemporáneos y perspectivas
En el presente trabajo se presenta una revisión sobre los modelos forestales desarrollados en España durante los últimos años, tanto para la producción maderable como no maderable y, para la dinámica de los bosques (regeneración, mortalidad). Se presentan modelos tanto de rodal completo como de clases diamétricas y de árbol individual. Los modelos desarrollados hasta la fecha se han desarrollado a partir de datos procedentes de parcelas permanentes, ensayos y el Inventario Forestal Nacional. En el trabajo se muestran los diferentes submodelos desarrollados hasta la fecha, así como las plataformas informáticas que permiten utilizar dichos modelos. Se incluyen las principales perspectivas
de desarrollo de la modelización forestal en España.In this paper we present a review of forest models developed in Spain in recent years for both timber and non timber production and forest dynamics (regeneration, mortality). Models developed are whole stand, size (diameter) class and individual-tree. The models developed to date have been developed using data from permanent plots, experimental
sites and the National Forest Inventory. In this paper we show the different sub-models developed so far and the friendly use software. Main perspectives of forest modeling in Spain are presented.The models described in this paper were funded by
different regional, national and European projects, and
some of them were elaborated by the authors. This
work was funded by the Spanish Government by the
SELVIRED network (code AGL2008-03740) and the
strategic project «Restauración y Gestión Forestal»
(code PSE-310000-2009-4)
CMB Telescopes and Optical Systems
The cosmic microwave background radiation (CMB) is now firmly established as
a fundamental and essential probe of the geometry, constituents, and birth of
the Universe. The CMB is a potent observable because it can be measured with
precision and accuracy. Just as importantly, theoretical models of the Universe
can predict the characteristics of the CMB to high accuracy, and those
predictions can be directly compared to observations. There are multiple
aspects associated with making a precise measurement. In this review, we focus
on optical components for the instrumentation used to measure the CMB
polarization and temperature anisotropy. We begin with an overview of general
considerations for CMB observations and discuss common concepts used in the
community. We next consider a variety of alternatives available for a designer
of a CMB telescope. Our discussion is guided by the ground and balloon-based
instruments that have been implemented over the years. In the same vein, we
compare the arc-minute resolution Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT) and the
South Pole Telescope (SPT). CMB interferometers are presented briefly. We
conclude with a comparison of the four CMB satellites, Relikt, COBE, WMAP, and
Planck, to demonstrate a remarkable evolution in design, sensitivity,
resolution, and complexity over the past thirty years.Comment: To appear in: Planets, Stars and Stellar Systems (PSSS), Volume 1:
Telescopes and Instrumentatio
Protein Content and Oil Composition of Almond from Moroccan Seedlings: Genetic Diversity, Oil Quality and Geographical Origin
The protein and oil content and the fatty acid profile of the kernels of selected almond genotypes from four different Moroccan regions were determined in order to evaluate the kernel quality of the plant material of these different regions. The ranges of oil content (48.7–64.5 % of kernel DW), oleic (61.8–80.2 % of total oil), linoleic (11.4–27.0 %), palmitic (5.6–7.7 %), stearic (1.3–3.1 %), and palmitoleic (0.4–0.9 %) acid percentages agreed with previous results of other almond genotypes, but the protein content (14.1–35.1 % of kernel DW) showed that some genotypes had higher values than any previously recorded in almond. Some genotypes from mountainous regions showed kernels with very high oil content as well as high and consistent oleic and linoleic ratio, establishing a possible differentiation according to the geographical origin. These differences may allow establishing a geographical denomination for almond products. In terms of genetic diversity, oleic and linoleic acids were confirmed to be the most variable components of almond oil chemical composition among genotypes. Additionally, the genotypes with extreme favorable values, such as high protein content, could be incorporated into an almond breeding program aiming at an increase in kernel quality.Peer ReviewedPrunus amygdalusProtein contentOil contentFatty acidsQualityGenetic resourcesBreedingPublishe
Growth and yield models in Spain Historical overview, contemporary examples and perspectives
In this paper we present a review of forest models developed in Spain in recent years for both timber and non timber production and forest dynamics (regeneration, mortality). Models developed are whole stand, size (diameter) class and individual-tree. The models developed to date have been developed using data from permanent plots, experimental sites and the National Forest Inventory. In this paper we show the different sub-models developed so far and the friendly use software. Main perspectives of forest modeling in Spain are presented
Synthesis of Liquid Crystals with Bent-Rod Structure: 4-Methylthiazole Derivatives with Nematic Phase
Development of an innovative smart-farming and decision-support service to improve clingstone peach cultivation
AgroNIT is an integrated IoT framework aiming to foster innovative solutions for the optimization of clingstone peach production in central Macedonia, Greece. AgroNIT features energy-autonomous mesh wireless sensor networks (WSN), cloud computing and decision-support systems (DSS) using artificial intelligence (AI). It serves as a hybrid smart-farming service, as well as a large-scale living laboratory (testbed). The AgroNIT system consists of three services-tiers: the data collection (Edge System), the data analytics (NITOS Cloud) and the data presentation service (Software Application). The WSN testbed consists of 25 custom-made IoT sensing devices and 13 LTE gateway nodes. The end nodes feature various sensors with two main functional types: (i) the agrometeorological node for monitoring key crop, soil and climatic parameters at field or microclimate level, and (ii) the visual crop node, an image-aware module equipped with an RGB camera to enable crop monitoring via 2D image collection. The gateway nodes are responsible for the collection and transmittance of the sensing data to the proprietary Cloud via the internet. The Cloud is a data aggregation and data analytics service, whose purpose is to extract knowledge from the raw data by employing big data analysis, machine/deep-learning and data mining algorithms. The produced knowledge can contribute to sustainable production management through precise determination of peach phenological stages including bud dormancy breaking, targeted plant protection, critical stages for optimal fertilization and irrigation, severe weather phenomena forecasting and management, fruit ripening and yield prediction. For the data visualization the AgroNIT software application was developed for Web and mobile devices and integrates various decision-support services related to key cultivation practices supporting all the involved parties (farmers, advisors, industry). © 2022 International Society for Horticultural Science. All rights reserved