Developing the dairy business in New Reality

Verslag van een studiedag voor melkveehouders, waarin wordt uitgelegd hoe ze goed op de toekomst kunnen anticipere

The political economy of central bank independence (Second, revised version)

Central Banks;Independence;Political Economy

Symbiotic approaches to work and technology

Production Planning;production

Accountability of Central Banks: Aspects and Quantification

This paper starts with a discussion of the various aspects of accountability of central banks. On the basis of this discussion we construct an indicator for accountability for 16 central banks, including the European Central Bank. It is shown that the degree of accountability differs considerably and that the ECB has a rather low score. The indicator is used to examine the relationship between central bank independence and accountability. It is concluded that although there appears to be a negative relationship between independence and accountability, this does certainly not imply that a central bank cannot both be independent and accountable.central bank independence;central bank accountability;European central bank