380 research outputs found
Lysimeteruntersuchungen zum Einfluss des Klimawandels auf den Wasser- und Nährstoffaustrag in Abhängigkeit von Bodenart und Düngung
Die durch den Klimawandel prognostizierte Veränderung der meteorologischen Situation beeinflusst langfristig den Wasser- und Nährstoffhaushalt des Bodens. Um aktuelle Tendenzen im Austragsverhalten zu identifizieren, wurden die Daten aus Langzeit-Lysimeteruntersuchungen der UFZ-Lysimeterstation Falkenberg in Sachsen-Anhalt analysiert. Die einfachen, nicht wägbaren und manuell gefüllten Kastenlysimeter unterscheiden sich nach Bodenart, Nutzung und applizierter Düngemenge. Die Versuche wurden für den Zeitraum von 1984-2015 ausgewertet. Ziel war es, Tendenzen des langjährigen Verhaltens des Sickerwasser- und Nährstoffaustrags zu ermitteln und unter dem Aspekt der klimatischen Veränderungen zu interpretieren. Erste Ergebnisse zeigten zunächst keine signifikanten Trends bezüglich des Verlaufs der Sickerwasserbildung. Obwohl die mittlere Höhe der jährlichen Sickerwasserraten je nach Bodenart und Düngungsvariante variierte, war der langjährige Verlauf in allen Varianten vergleichsweise ähnlich. Deutliche Unterschiede konnten jedoch hinsichtlich der Nutzung erkannt werden. Während für den ackerbaulich genutzten Boden das jährliche Sickerwasser tendenziell steigende Verläufe aufwies, verringerten sich diese bei einer Grünlandnutzung. Ähnliche Tendenzen werden auch für die Nährstoffauswaschung vermutet. Es ist vorgesehen, die Lysimetermessergebnisse mit Klimamodellen zu koppeln, um langfristig Prognosen für relevante Landschaftseinheiten im Lockergesteinsbereich der Elbe vornehmen zu können
Electron Bernstein waves emission in the TJ-II Stellarator
Taking advantage of the electron Bernstein waves heating (EBWH) system of the
TJ-II stellarator, an electron Bernstein emission (EBE) diagnostic was
installed. Its purpose is to investigate the B-X-O radiation properties in the
zone where optimum theoretical EBW coupling is predicted. An internal movable
mirror shared by both systems allows us to collect the EBE radiation along the
same line of sight that is used for EBW heating. The theoretical EBE has been
calculated for different orientations of the internal mirror using the TRUBA
code as ray tracer. A comparison with experimental data obtained in NBI
discharges is carried out. The results provide a valuable information regarding
the experimental O-X mode conversion window expected in the EBW heating
experiments. Furthermore, the characterization of the radiation polarization
shows evidence of the underlying B-X-O conversion process.Comment: 21 pages, 14 figure
Review of biorthogonal coupled cluster representations for electronic excitation
Single reference coupled-cluster (CC) methods for electronic excitation are
based on a biorthogonal representation (bCC) of the (shifted) Hamiltonian in
terms of excited CC states, also referred to as correlated excited (CE) states,
and an associated set of states biorthogonal to the CE states, the latter being
essentially configuration interaction (CI) configurations. The bCC
representation generates a non-hermitian secular matrix, the eigenvalues
representing excitation energies, while the corresponding spectral intensities
are to be derived from both the left and right eigenvectors. Using the
perspective of the bCC representation, a systematic and comprehensive analysis
of the excited-state CC methods is given, extending and generalizing previous
such studies. Here, the essential topics are the truncation error
characteristics and the separability properties, the latter being crucial for
designing size-consistent approximation schemes. Based on the general order
relations for the bCC secular matrix and the (left and right) eigenvector
matrices, formulas for the perturbation-theoretical (PT) order of the
truncation errors (TEO) are derived for energies, transition moments, and
property matrix elements of arbitrary excitation classes and truncation levels.
In the analysis of the separability properties of the transition moments, the
decisive role of the so-called dual ground state is revealed. Due to the use of
CE states the bCC approach can be compared to so-called intermediate state
representation (ISR) methods based exclusively on suitably orthonormalized CE
states. As the present analysis shows, the bCC approach has decisive advantages
over the conventional CI treatment, but also distinctly weaker TEO and
separability properties in comparison with a full (and hermitian) ISR method
Sterile inflammation as a factor in human male infertility: Involvement of Toll like receptor 2, biglycan and peritubular cells
Changes in the wall of seminiferous tubules in men with impaired spermatogenesis imply sterile inflammation of the testis. We tested the hypothesis that the cells forming the wall of seminiferous tubules, human testicular peritubular cells (HTPCs), orchestrate inflammatory events and that Toll like receptors (TLRs) and danger signals from the extracellular matrix (ECM) of this wall are involved. In cultured HTPCs we detected TLRs, including TLR2. A TLR-2 ligand (PAM) augmented interleukin 6 (IL-6), monocyte chemo-attractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and pentraxin 3 (PTX3) in HTPCs. The ECM-derived proteoglycan biglycan (BGN) is secreted by HTPCs and may be a TLR2-ligand at HTPCs. In support, recombinant human BGN increased PTX3, MCP-1 and IL-6 in HTPCs. Variable endogenous BGN levels in HTPCs derived from different men and differences in BGN levels in the tubular wall in infertile men were observed. In testes of a systemic mouse model for male infertility, testicular sterile inflammation and elevated estradiol (E2) levels, BGN was also elevated. Hence we studied the role of E2 in HTPCs and observed that E2 elevated the levels of BGN. The anti-estrogen ICI 182,780 blocked this action. We conclude that TLR2 and BGN contribute to sterile inflammation and infertility in man
Influence of plasma turbulence on microwave propagation
It is not fully understood how electromagnetic waves propagate through plasma
density fluctuations when the size of the fluctuations is comparable with the
wavelength of the incident radiation. In this paper, the perturbing effect of a
turbulent plasma density layer on a traversing microwave beam is simulated with
full-wave simulations. The deterioration of the microwave beam is calculated as
a function of the characteristic turbulence structure size, the turbulence
amplitude, the depth of the interaction zone and the size of the waist of the
incident beam. The maximum scattering is observed for a structure size on the
order of half the vacuum wavelength. The scattering and beam broadening was
found to increase linearly with the depth of the turbulence layer and
quadratically with the fluctuation strength. Consequences for experiments and
3D effects are considered.Comment: 16 pages, 13 figures. This is an author-created, un-copyedited
version of an article submitted for publication in Plasma Physics and
Controlled Fusion. IoP Publishing Ltd is not responsible for any errors or
omissions in this version of the manuscript or any version derived from i
Sterile inflammation as a factor in human male infertility: Involvement of Toll like receptor 2, biglycan and peritubular cells
Changes in the wall of seminiferous tubules in men with impaired spermatogenesis imply sterile inflammation of the testis. We tested the hypothesis that the cells forming the wall of seminiferous tubules, human testicular peritubular cells (HTPCs), orchestrate inflammatory events and that Toll like receptors (TLRs) and danger signals from the extracellular matrix (ECM) of this wall are involved. In cultured HTPCs we detected TLRs, including TLR2. A TLR-2 ligand (PAM) augmented interleukin 6 (IL-6), monocyte chemo-attractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and pentraxin 3 (PTX3) in HTPCs. The ECM-derived proteoglycan biglycan (BGN) is secreted by HTPCs and may be a TLR2-ligand at HTPCs. In support, recombinant human BGN increased PTX3, MCP-1 and IL-6 in HTPCs. Variable endogenous BGN levels in HTPCs derived from different men and differences in BGN levels in the tubular wall in infertile men were observed. In testes of a systemic mouse model for male infertility, testicular sterile inflammation and elevated estradiol (E2) levels, BGN was also elevated. Hence we studied the role of E2 in HTPCs and observed that E2 elevated the levels of BGN. The anti-estrogen ICI 182,780 blocked this action. We conclude that TLR2 and BGN contribute to sterile inflammation and infertility in man
Are lay people good at recognising the symptoms of schizophrenia?
©2013 Erritty, Wydell. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.This article has been made available through the Brunel Open Access Publishing Fund.Aim: The aim of this study was to explore the general public’s perception of schizophrenia symptoms and the need to seekhelp for symptoms. The recognition (or ‘labelling’) of schizophrenia symptoms, help-seeking behaviours and public
awareness of schizophrenia have been suggested as potentially important factors relating to untreated psychosis.
Method: Participants were asked to rate to what extent they believe vignettes describing classic symptoms (positive and
negative) of schizophrenia indicate mental illness. They were also asked if the individuals depicted in the vignettes required help or treatment and asked to suggest what kind of help or treatment.
Results: Only three positive symptoms (i.e., Hallucinatory behaviour, Unusual thought content and Suspiciousness) of schizophrenia were reasonably well perceived (above 70%) as indicating mental illness more than the other positive or negative symptoms. Even when the participants recognised that the symptoms indicated mental illness, not everyone recommended professional help.
Conclusion: There may be a need to improve public awareness of schizophrenia and psychosis symptoms, particularly regarding an awareness of the importance of early intervention for psychosis
Testing Technicolor Models in Top Quark Pair Production at High Energy Photon Colliders
We study pseudo-Goldstone boson corrections to top quark pair production
rates in technicolor models with and without topcolor at the E=0.5 teV and 1.5
TeV photon colliders. We find that, for reasonable ranges of the parameters,
the corrections are large enough to be observable, and the corrections in
models with topcolor are considerably larger than those in models without
topcolor, and they are all significantly larger than the corresponding
corrections in the minimal supersymmetric standard model (MSSM) with tan(beta)
of the order of 1. So that the two kinds of technicolor models and the MSSM
with tan(beta) of the order of 1 can be experimentally distinguished.Comment: Version for publication in Phys.Rev.D with some references and
discussions added and some typos correcte
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