Electrodynamic Structure of an Outer Gap Accelerator: Location of the Gap and the Gamma-ray Emission from the Crab Pulsar

We investigate a stationary pair production cascade in the outer magnetosphere of a spinning neutron star. The charge depletion due to global flows of charged particles, causes a large electric field along the magnetic field lines. Migratory electrons and/or positrons are accelerated by this field to radiate curvature gamma-rays, some of which collide with the X-rays to materialize as pairs in the gap. The replenished charges partially screen the electric field, which is self-consistently solved together with the distribution functions of particles and gamma-rays. If no current is injected at neither of the boundaries of the accelerator, the gap is located around the conventional null surface, where the local Goldreich-Julian charge density vanishes. However, we first find that the gap position shifts outwards (or inwards) when particles are injected at the inner (or outer) boundary. Applying the theory to the Crab pulsar, we demonstrate that the pulsed TeV flux does not exceed the observational upper limit for moderate infrared photon density and that the gap should be located near to or outside of the conventional null surface so that the observed spectrum of pulsed GeV fluxes may be emitted via a curvature process. Some implications of the existence of a solution for a super Goldreich-Julian current are discussed.Comment: 17 pages, 12 figures, submitted to Ap

Re-evaluation of cosmic ray cutoff terminology

The study of cosmic ray access to locations inside the geomagnetic field has evolved in a manner that has led to some misunderstanding and misapplication of the terminology originally developed to describe particle access. This paper presents what is believed to be a useful set of definitions for cosmic ray cutoff terminology for use in theoretical and experimental cosmic ray studies

Préparation d'un sérum contre la maladie de Carré à partir du cheval

Mackowiak Czesław, Fontaine J., Goret Pierre. Préparation d'un sérum contre la maladie de Carré à partir du cheval. In: Bulletin de l'Académie Vétérinaire de France tome 112 n°6, 1959. pp. 391-395

Le traitement de l’entérite chronique hypertrophiante des Bovidés par les sulfones

Verge Jean, Goret Pierre, Cauchy Laurent. Le traitement de l’entérite chronique hypertrophiante. In: Bulletin de l'Académie Vétérinaire de France tome 104 n°2, 1951. pp. 97-99

Sur l’étiologie du syndrome peste rouge des Cyprinidés

Goret Pierre, Euzéby Jacques, Joubert L. Sur l’étiologie du syndrome peste rouge des Cyprinidés. In: Bulletin de l'Académie Vétérinaire de France tome 103 n°8, 1950. pp. 435-441

Phénomènes de Reilly-Selye chez le Porc

Verge Jean, Goret Pierre, Paraf Alain. Phénomènes de Reilly-Selye chez le Porc. In: Bulletin de l'Académie Vétérinaire de France tome 109 n°1, 1956. pp. 27-32

Traitement du Rouget du Porc par l'association : pénicilline sérum

Verge Jean, Goret Pierre, Joubert L., David J. Traitement du Rouget du Porc par l’association pénicilline-sérum. In: Bulletin de l'Académie Vétérinaire de France tome 103 n°4, 1950. pp. 171-179

Pathophysiological changes occurring during Escherichia coli endotoxin and Pasteurella multocida challenge in piglets: relationship with cough and temperature and predicitive value for intensity of lesions.

The aims of this study were (1) to correlate cough and body temperature (BT) with the severity of bronchopneumonia in pigs, (2) to determine whether these clinical signs can be used to early diagnose bronchopneumonia and (3) to assess the predictive values of cough and BT regarding lung lesions. Bronchopneumonia was induced by administering E. coli endotoxin (LPS) combined with Pasteurella multocida type A (PmA) in the trachea of 13 piglets. Saline-instilled negative controls (n = 8), PmA inoculated (n = 6) and LPS instilled (n = 5) groups were also constituted. Cough and BT were recorded daily while the bronchopneumonia severity was assessed using bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cytology, cytokines and measurement of lung lesion volume. Changes in expiratory breathing pattern were also measured (Penh). The combination of LPS and PmA induced a subacute bronchopneumonia characterised by macrophage, neutrophil, and lymphocyte infiltration, changes in Penh and an increase in the mRNA level of IFN-gamma while IL8, IL-18 and TNF-alpha mRNA levels remained unchanged. The daily body weight gain of infected animals was significantly reduced. Cough and BT changes were proportional to the intensity of the lung inflammatory process, functional respiratory changes and to the extent of macroscopic lesions. When comparing the individual values of cough and BT to thresholds defined for both parameters, an early diagnosis of pneumonia was possible. Considering the pooled data of each group, it was possible to define thresholds allowing an early segregation between the groups of diseased and healthy piglets. The daily values of cough and BT were predictive for the volume of lung lesions recorded at the end of the trial. In conclusion, cough and BT appear as potential indicators for the intensity and the evolution of the respiratory disease. They also seem to be good predictors for the magnitude of lung lesions and weight gain recorded at the study endpoint

Balloon test project: Cosmic Ray Antimatter Calorimeter (CRAC)

Cosmic ray observations from balloon flights are discussed. The cosmic ray antimatter calorimeter (CRAC) experiment attempts to measure the flux of antimatter in the 200-600 Mev/m energy range and the isotopes of light elements between 600 and 1,000 Mev/m