6,084 research outputs found
Theory of Optical Transmission through Elliptical Nanohole Arrays
We present a theory which explains (in the quasistatic limit) the
experimentally observed [R. Gordon, {\it et al}, Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 92},
037401 (2004)] squared dependence of the depolarization ratio on the aspect
ratio of the holes, as well as other features of extraordinary light
transition. We calculated the effective dielectric tensor of a metal film
penetrated by elliptical cylindrical holes and found the extraordinarily light
transmission at special frequencies related to the surface plasmon resonances
of the composite film. We also propose to use the magnetic field for getting a
strong polarization effect, which depends on the ratio of the cyclotron to
plasmon frequencies.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
Statistical-mechanical theory of the overall magnetic properties of mesocrystals
The mesocrystal showing both electrorheological and magnetorheological
effects is called electro-magnetorheological (EMR) solids. Prediction of the
overall magnetic properties of the EMR solids is a challenging task due to the
coexistence of the uniaxially anisotropic behavior and structural transition as
well as long-range interaction between the suspended particles. To consider the
uniaxial anisotropy effect, we present an anisotropic Kirkwood-Fr\"{o}hlich
equation for calculating the effective permeabilities by adopting an explicit
characteristic spheroid rather than a characteristic sphere used in the
derivation of the usual Kirkwood-Fr\"{o}hlich equation. Further, by applying an
Ewald-Kornfeld formulation we are able to investigate the effective
permeability by including the structural transition and long-range interaction
explicitly. Our theory can reduce to the usual Kirkwood-Fr\"{o}hlich equation
and Onsager equation naturally. To this end, the numerical simulation shows the
validity of monitoring the structure of EMR solids by detecting their effective
permeabilities.Comment: 14 pages, 1 figur
Development and operation of research-scale III-V nanowire growth reactors
III-V nanowires are useful platforms for studying the electronic and
mechanical properties of materials at the nanometer scale. However, the costs
associated with commercial nanowire growth reactors are prohibitive for most
research groups. We developed hot-wall and cold-wall metal organic vapor phase
epitaxy (MOVPE) reactors for the growth of InAs nanowires, which both use the
same gas handling system. The hot-wall reactor is based on an inexpensive
quartz tube furnace and yields InAs nanowires for a narrow range of operating
conditions. Improvement of crystal quality and an increase in growth run to
growth run reproducibility are obtained using a homebuilt UHV cold-wall reactor
with a base pressure of 2 X 10 Torr. A load-lock on the UHV reactor
prevents the growth chamber from being exposed to atmospheric conditions during
sample transfers. Nanowires grown in the cold-wall system have a low defect
density, as determined using transmission electron microscopy, and exhibit
field effect gating with mobilities approaching 16,000 cm(V.s).Comment: Related papers at http://pettagroup.princeton.ed
Zero-Mode Dynamics of String Webs
At sufficiently low energy the dynamics of a string web is dominated by zero
modes involving rigid motion of the internal strings. The dimension of the
associated moduli space equals the maximal number of internal faces in the web.
The generic web moduli space has boundaries and multiple branches, and for webs
with three or more faces the geometry is curved. Webs can also be studied in a
lift to M-theory, where a string web is replaced by a membrane wrapped on a
holomorphic curve in spacetime. In this case the moduli space is complexified
and admits a Kaehler metric.Comment: LaTeX, 17 pages, 5 eps figures; v2: references adde
Dirichlet Branes on Orientifolds
We consider the classification of BPS and non-BPS D-branes in orientifold
models. In particular we construct all stable BPS and non-BPS D-branes in the
Gimon-Polchinski (GP) and Dabholkar-Park-Blum-Zaffaroni (DPBZ) orientifolds and
determine their stability regions in moduli space as well as decay products. We
find several kinds of integrally and torsion charged non-BPS D-branes. Certain
of these are found to have projective representations of the orientifold
GSO group on the Chan-Paton factors. It is found that the GP
orientifold is not described by equivariant orthogonal K-theory as may have
been at first expected. Instead a twisted version of this K-theory is expected
to be relevant.Comment: 33 pages, LaTeX, 5 figures. v2 typos corrected, references included,
(4,s)-branes re-examine
Striped instability of a holographic Fermi-like liquid
We consider a holographic description of a system of strongly-coupled
fermions in 2+1 dimensions based on a D7-brane probe in the background of
D3-branes. The black hole embedding represents a Fermi-like liquid. We study
the excitations of the Fermi liquid system. Above a critical density which
depends on the temperature, the system becomes unstable towards an
inhomogeneous modulated phase which is similar to a charge density and spin
wave state. The essence of this instability can be effectively described by a
Maxwell-axion theory with a background electric field. We also consider the
fate of zero sound at non-zero temperature.Comment: 16 pages, 9 figures; v2: added discussion and one figure. Typos
correcte
Low Level of Her-2 Locus Amplification by Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization Does Not Correlate with Her-2 Protein Overexpression by Immunohistochemistry in Barrett's Esophagus
An accurate evaluation of the Her-2 status has important prognostic and therapeutic implications in many carcinomas. The aim of the study was to correlate Her-2 locus (17q11.2) amplification and chromosome 17 gains as assessed by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) with Her-2 protein overexpression by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in patients with Barrett's esophagus (BE) and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). We analyzed 34 patients with Her-2 amplification and/or chromosome 17gains using FISH on brush cytology specimens. Seven patients (21%) showed high Her-2 locus amplification (Her-2: Cep17 ≥ 5 : 1), 5 (15%) showed low Her-2 locus amplification (Her-2: Cep17 ≥ 2 < 5 : 1), and 22 (65%) displayed gains of chromosome 17 only. Further, we confirmed Her-2 amplification on corresponding biopsies that were taken at the same occasion as the cytologybrushings. Then, we compared the FISH results with IHC data obtained from the corresponding biopsies and showed that low level of Her-2 amplification does not correlate with Her-2 protein overexpression (score +3/+2; P = 1), in contrast to the high amplification level (P = .001). Thus, in our population of BE and EAC patients, low level of Her-2 amplification does not result in detectable level of Her-2 protein as assessed by IHC
Easy on that trigger dad: a study of long term family photo retrieval
We examine the effects of new technologies for digital photography on people's longer term storage and access to collections of personal photos. We report an empirical study of parents' ability to retrieve photos related to salient family events from more than a year ago. Performance was relatively poor with people failing to find almost 40% of pictures. We analyze participants' organizational and access strategies to identify reasons for this poor performance. Possible reasons for retrieval failure include: storing too many pictures, rudimentary organization, use of multiple storage systems, failure to maintain collections and participants' false beliefs about their ability to access photos. We conclude by exploring the technical and theoretical implications of these findings
Bound States of String Networks and D-branes
We show the existence of non-threshold bound states of (p, q) string networks
and D3-branes, preserving 1/4 of the full type IIB supersymmetry, interpreted
as string networks dissolved in D3-branes. We also write down the expression
for the mass density of the system and discuss the extension of the
construction to other Dp-branes. Differences in our construction of string
networks with the ones interpreted as dyons in N=4 gauge theories are also
pointed out.Comment: 11 pages, latex, minor modifications (version to appear in Phys. Rev.
Lett.
Utilization of photon orbital angular momentum in the low-frequency radio domain
We show numerically that vector antenna arrays can generate radio beams which
exhibit spin and orbital angular momentum characteristics similar to those of
helical Laguerre-Gauss laser beams in paraxial optics. For low frequencies (< 1
GHz), digital techniques can be used to coherently measure the instantaneous,
local field vectors and to manipulate them in software. This opens up for new
types of experiments that go beyond those currently possible to perform in
optics, for information-rich radio physics applications such as radio
astronomy, and for novel wireless communication concepts.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figures. Changed title, identical to the paper published
in PR
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