A21 HIV-1 sub-subtype F1 outbreak among MSM in Belgium

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Original Article

The pancreas taken from the frog (Rana nigromaculata) was fixed in 1% OsO_4 and sliced into ultrathin sections for electron microscopic studies. The following observations were made: 1. A great \u27number of minute granules found in the cytoplasm of a pancreatic cell were called the microsomes, which were divided into two types, the C-microsome and S-microsome. 2. Electron microsopic studies of the ergastoplasm showed that it is composed of the microsome granules and A-substance. The microsomes were seen embedded in the A-substance which was either filamentous or membranous. The membranous structure, which was called the Am-membrane, was seen to form a sac, with a cavity of varying sizes, or to form a lamella. 3. The Am-membrane has close similarity to α-cytomembrane of Sjostrand, except that the latter is rough-surfaced. It was deduced that the Am-membrane, which is smooth-surfaced, might turn into the rough-surfaced α-cytomembrane. 4. There was the Golgi apparatus in the supranuclear region of a pancreatic cell. It consisted of the Golgi membrane, Golgi vacuole and. Golgi vesicle. 5. The mitochondria of a pancreatic cell appeared like long filaments, and some of them were seen to ramify. 6. The membrane of mitochondria, i. e. the limiting membrane, consisted of the Ammembrane. The mitochondria contained a lot of A-substances, as well as the C-microsomes and S-microsomes. When the mitochondria came into being, there appeared inside them chains of granules, which appeared like strips of beads, as the outgrowths of the A-substance and the microsome granules attached to the Am-membrane. They are the so-called cristae mitochondriales. 7. The secretory granules originate in the microsomes. They came into being when the microsomes gradually thickened and grew in size as various substances became adhered to them. Some of the secretory granules were covered with a membrane and appeared like what they have called the intracisternal granule of Palade.It seemed that this was a phenomenon attendant upon the dissolution and liqutefaction of the secretory granule. 8. Comparative studies were made of the ergastoplasm of the pancreatic cells from the frogs in hibernation, the frogs artificially hungered, the frogs which were given food after a certain period of fasting, the frogs to which pilocarpine was given subcutaneously, and the very young, immature frogs. The studies revealed that the ergastoplasm of the pancreatic cells greatly varied in form with the difference in nutritive condition and with different developmental stages of the cell. The change in form and structure occured as a result of transformation of the microsomes and A-substance. The ergastoplasm, even after it has come into being, might easily be inactivated if nutrition is defective. The ergastoplasm is concerned in the secretory mechanism, which is different from the secretory phenomenon of the secretory granules. It would seem that structurally the mitochondria have no direct relation to this mechanism

A projector for large-size bubble chamber pictures

A low cost projector specially designed to project the pictures produced by the CERN 2 m bubble chamber is described. The projector projects simultaneously up to 4 pictures superposable 2 by 2, of maximum dimensions 240 mm × 50 mm at a linear magnification factor 15. A general description of the machine and a detailed description of the original elements are given. The more attractive characteristics concern the high safety level for the films and the very ease of handling. Moreover the projector is equipped with all the facilities required from a bubble chamber film projector for a rapid and efficient work. © 1976.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Search for (He4+nπ) and (d+d+nπ) final states in d-d collisions at 3.0 GeV/c

Interactions between 3 GeV/c incident deuterons and liquid deuterium have been analysed in a bubble chamber experiment. An upper limit of 6.1 μb (68% confidence level) has been set for the cross-sections of the reactions dd→He4π+π-(π0) and dd→ddπ+π-π0. For the reaction dd→ddπ+π-, the following result has been obtained: σ(dd → ddπ+π-) = (21.2-6.1+16.7) μb. Cross-sections for He3 production in association with pions are also given. © 1965.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe