405 research outputs found
Persönliche Anliegen in Alltagssituationen
Brunstein JC, Ganserer J, Maier GW, Heckhausen H. Persönliche Anliegen in Alltagssituationen. Memorandum. Vol 82. Erlangen: Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Draft.In einer Feldstudie, an der 42 Hausfrauen teilnahmen, wurden charakteristische
Merkmale von persönlichen Anliegen untersucht, und es wurde überprüft, welchen
Einfluß persönliche Anliegen auf die Erfahrung und Beurteilung von Alltagssituationen
ausüben. In einem Interview beschrieben die Teilnehmerinnen zunächst
ihre Anliegen und schätzten sie anschießend nach einer Reihe von Anliegenparametern
ein (z.B. nach der Höhe ihrer Bereitschaft, sich für die Verwirklichung
eines Anliegens einzusetzen; oder nach der VerfĂĽgbarkeit von gĂĽnstigen Gelegenheiten,
bei denen ein Anliegen verfolgt werden kann). AuĂźerdem zeichneten sie
eine Woche lang ihre täglichen Aktivitäten, Stimmungen und Bedürfnisse auf. Die
Ergebnisse zeigten, (a) daß persönliche Anliegen nach dem Ausmaß an Entschlossenheit,
ein anliegenrelevantes Ziel zu realisieren, sowie nach der Qualität
vorteilhafter versus nachteiliger Realisierungsbedingungen beurteilt wurden; (b)
daß die Intensität, mit der sich die Teilnehmerinnen mit ihre persönlichen Anliegen
beschäftigten, eng mit dem Ausmaß ihrer Entschlossenheit zusammenhing,
während ihre diesbezügliche Erfolgserwartung von der Beurteilung der vorliegenden
Realisierungsbedingungen bestimmt wurde; (c) daĂź sich Fortschritte bei der
Realisierung von Anliegen ebenso wie positive und negative Stimmungslagen im
Alltag in bedeutsamem Umfang auf Unterschiede in der persönlichen Einsatzbereitschaft
und in der VerfĂĽgbarkeit von gĂĽnstigen Gelegenheiten zurĂĽckfĂĽhren
lieĂźen; sowie (d) daĂź die Teilnehmerinnen anliegenrelevante Situationen im Alltag
als Herausforderung erlebten, bei der sie ihre Fähigkeiten demonstrieren und ihr
Selbstwertgefühl stärken konnten.42 housewives participated in a field study in which characteristic dimensions of current concerns were explored, and influences current concerns exerted upon subjects' experience of and judgements about everyday situations were examined. A preceding interview required participants to describe their current concerns and to assess them through a series of concern attributes (e.g., subjects' readiness to invest effort in order to attain a concern-related goal; or availability of favorable opportunities to pursue current concerns). Subjects also recorded their daily activities, moods, and needs over a one-week period. Results demonstrated (a) that current concerns were construed along two dimensions indicating subjects' commitment to attain a concern-related goal and reflecting their judgement of facilitating versus debilitating environmental conditions; (b) that intensity of concern-related preoccupations was closely linked to commitment-related variables, whereas judgements about environmental conditions determined the subjective pro- bability of success; (c) that readiness to invest effort and availability of favorable opportunities accounted both for significant variations in progress toward goal attainment and for individual differences in positive versus negative mood in daily life situations; and (d) that participants perceived concern-related everyday situations as challenges, allowing them to demonstrate their abilities and to increase their sense of self-esteem
Low-Energy Constraints on New Physics Revisited
It is possible to place constraints on non-Standard-Model gauge-boson
self-couplings and other new physics by studying their one-loop contributions
to precisely measured observables. We extend previous analyses which constrain
such nonstandard couplings, and we present the results in a compact and
transparent form. Particular attention is given to comparing results for the
light-Higgs scenario, where nonstandard effects are parameterized by an
effective Lagrangian with a linear realization of the electroweak symmetry
breaking sector, and the heavy-Higgs/strongly interacting scenario, described
by the electroweak chiral Lagrangian. The constraints on nonstandard
gauge-boson self-couplings which are obtained from a global analysis of
low-energy data and LEP/SLC measurements on the Z pole are updated and improved
from previous studies. Replaced version: tables and figures of Section VIb
recalculated. There were roundoff problems, especially in Fig. 8. Text
unchanged.Comment: \documentstyle[preprint,aps,floats,psfig]{revtex}, 10 figures,
postscript version available from ftp://ftp.kek.jp/kek/preprints/TH/TH-51
Exploring alternative symmetry breaking mechanisms at the LHC with 7, 8 and 10 TeV total energy
In view of the annnouncement that in 2012 the LHC will run at 8 TeV, we study
the possibility of detecting signals of alternative mechanisms of ElectroWeak
Symmetry Breaking, described phenomenologically by unitarized models, at
energies lower than 14 TeV. A complete calculation with six fermions in the
final state is performed using the PHANTOM event generator. Our results
indicate that at 8 TeV some of the scenarios with TeV scale resonances are
likely to be identified while models with no resonances or with very heavy ones
will be inaccessible, unless the available luminosity will be much higher than
expected
CD28 between tolerance and autoimmunity: The side effects of animal models [version 1; referees: 2 approved]
Regulation of immune responses is critical for ensuring pathogen clearance and for preventing reaction against self-antigens. Failure or breakdown of immunological tolerance results in autoimmunity. CD28 is an important co-stimulatory receptor expressed on T cells that, upon specific ligand binding, delivers signals essential for full T-cell activation and for the development and homeostasis of suppressive regulatory T cells. Many in vivo mouse models have been used for understanding the role of CD28 in the maintenance of immune homeostasis, thus leading to the development of CD28 signaling modulators that have been approved for the treatment of some autoimmune diseases. Despite all of this progress, a deeper understanding of the differences between the mouse and human receptor is required to allow a safe translation of pre-clinical studies in efficient therapies. In this review, we discuss the role of CD28 in tolerance and autoimmunity and the clinical efficacy of drugs that block or enhance CD28 signaling, by highlighting the success and failure of pre-clinical studies, when translated to humans
Monte Carlo Simulations of Short-time Critical Dynamics with a Conserved Quantity
With Monte Carlo simulations, we investigate short-time critical dynamics of
the three-dimensional anti-ferromagnetic Ising model with a globally conserved
magnetization (not the order parameter). From the power law behavior of
the staggered magnetization (the order parameter), its second moment and the
auto-correlation, we determine all static and dynamic critical exponents as
well as the critical temperature. The universality class of is the same
as that without a conserved quantity, but the universality class of non-zero
is different.Comment: to appear in Phys. Rev.
Probing Anomalous Quartic Couplings in e-gamma and gamma-gamma Colliders
We analyze the potential of the e+e- Linear Colliders, operating in the
e-gamma and gamma-gamma modes, to probe anomalous quartic vector--boson
interactions through the multiple production of W's and Z's. We examine all
chiral operators of order p^4 that lead to new
four--gauge--boson interactions but do not alter trilinear vertices. We show
that the e-gamma and gamma-gamma modes are able not only to establish the
existence of a strongly interacting symmetry breaking sector but also to probe
for anomalous quartic couplings of the order of 10^{-2} at 90% CL. Moreover,
the information gathered in the e-gamma mode can be used to reduced the
ambiguities of the e+e- mode.Comment: Revtex, 18 pages, 6 figure
Neuregelung zu Publikationsverzeichnissen bei DFG-Anträgen : Stellungnahme des DFG-Fachkollegiums Psychologie
Use of haploidentical stem cell transplantation continues to increase: the 2015 European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplant activity survey report.
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is an established procedure for many acquired and congenital disorders of the hematopoietic system. A record number of 42 171 HSCT in 37 626 patients (16 030 allogeneic (43%), 21 596 autologous (57%)) were reported by 655 centers in 48 countries in 2015. Trends include continued growth in transplant activity over the last decade, with the highest percentage increase seen in middle-income countries but the highest absolute growth in the very-high-income countries in Europe. Main indications for HSCT were myeloid malignancies 9413 (25%; 96% allogeneic), lymphoid malignancies 24 304 (67%; 20% allogeneic), solid tumors 1516 (4%; 3% allogeneic) and non-malignant disorders 2208 (6%; 90% allogeneic). Remarkable is the decreasing use of allogeneic HSCT for CLL from 504 patients in 2011 to 255 in 2015, most likely to be due to new drugs. Use of haploidentical donors for allogeneic HSCT continues to grow: 2012 in 2015, a 291% increase since 2005. Growth is seen for all diseases. In AML, haploidentical HSCT increases similarly for patients with advanced disease and for those in CR1. Both marrow and peripheral blood are used as the stem cell source for haploidentical HSCT with higher numbers reported for the latter.Bone Marrow Transplantation advance online publication, 13 March 2017; doi:10.1038/bmt.2017.34
Bericht des Fachkollegiums Psychologie der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) und der DFG-Geschäftsstelle Psychologie
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