Plio-Pleistocene phylogeography of the Southeast Asian Blue Panchax killifish, Aplocheilus panchax

The complex climatic and geological history of Southeast Asia has shaped this region’s high biodiversity. In particular, sea level fluctuations associated with repeated glacial cycles during the Pleistocene both facilitated, and limited, connectivity between populations. In this study, we used data from two mitochondrial and three anonymous nuclear markers to determine whether a fresh/brackish water killifish, Aplocheilus panchax, Hamilton, 1822, could be used to further understand how climatic oscillations and associated sea level fluctuations have shaped the distribution of biota within this region, and whether such patterns show evidence of isolation within palaeodrainage basins. Our analyses revealed three major mitochondrial clades within A. panchax. The basal divergence of A. panchax mitochondrial lineages was approximately 3.5 Ma, whilst the subsequent divergence timings of these clades occurred early Pleistocene (~2.6 Ma), proceeding through the Pleistocene. Continuous phylogeographic analysis showed a clear west-east dispersal followed by rapid radiation across Southeast Asia. Individuals from Krabi, just north of the Isthmus of Kra, were more closely related to the Indian lineages, providing further evidence for a freshwater faunal disjunction at the Isthmus of Kra biogeographic barrier. Our results suggest that Sulawesi, across the Wallace Line, was colonised relatively recently (~30 ka). Nuclear DNA is less geographically structured, although Mantel tests indicated that nuclear genetic distances were correlated with geographic proximity. Overall, these results imply that recent gene flow, as opposed to historical isolation, has been the key factor determining patterns of nuclear genetic variation in A. panchax, however, some evidence of historical isolation is retained within the mitochondrial genome. Our study further validates the existence of a major biogeographic boundary at the Kra Isthmus, and also demonstrates the use of widely distributed fresh/brackishwater species in phylogeographic studies, and their ability to disperse across major marine barriers in relatively recent time periods

Dental Implantology in the Treatment of the After-Effects of the Juvenile Paresis Nervus Facialis

Introduction and objective: In this paper, the authors deal with the problems of juvenile paresis n. facialis and after-effects of this disease. The authors divide the hypodontia acquired and hereditary. Of these, allocating hypodontia obtained on the basis of agents, which include paresis n. facialis. Further describe the genesis and characteristics of paresis n. facialis. They show link between disease and paralysis of the facial nerve. It also describes the development in the permanent dentition and dental damage fetuses. This damage corresponding time distribution in developing dentition. Methods: The authors show examples of diseases resulting from facial nerve palsy in seven years of age. It was a juvenile unilateral paresis. There were hypodontia true and , which were the result of damage at a given age. Outside the teeth issue here, the issue of mandible and soft tissues of the face. The patient was determined throughout the treatment plan with several dental skills. Results: It was first approached to extractions poor dentition, which was due to undeveloped embryos incapable of further dental prosthetic use. This was followed by augmentation of alveolar mainly in the horizontal dimension with partial vertical increase in bone height sept teeth covering the defect. Furthermore, the advertised dental implants in the lower jaw so prepared, together with implantation in the right hypodontia. Followed by addition of aesthetic soft tissue prosthesis. The patient was further evaluated using X-ray view from a distance for 10 years from the start of therapy. Conclusion: Paresisi n. facialis is a disease where the terms of dentistry causes very serious damage to the dental germs, with the age. Frequently there are augmentation techniques to supplement defective alveolar mainly in the horizontal direction, followed by treatment with dental implants. Subsequently defect of soft tissues of the face affected parties leads us to supplement the soft tissues of the mouth using prostheses. The authors thus emphasize the complexity of the treatment with respect to disability not only permanent dentition, but also the surrounding structures

Characteristics of Surface Layer of Chromium Cobalt Alloy Coated with Titanium Nitride and Zirconium Nitride

Technically pure titanium or its alloys are broadly used in recent oral implantology. The material has optimal biological characteristics but its technological processing is difficult. The aim of our research was to improve the technological processing of a cromium cobalt alloy and to maintain the biological characteristics of the material. We focused on a cromium cobalt alloy coated with biomaterials titanium nitride and zirconium nitride. Our study brings a report from the evaluation of mechanical and physical characteristics of the coated surface of the cromium cobalt alloy. The obtained results are promising for oral implantology. The study is a part of the project No. 7356-3 of the Internal Grant Agency of the Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic

Growth of the Stabilized HeLa Cell line in Chromium-Cobalt Extract of Surface - Layered Titanium Nitride and Zirconium Nitride

The materials used recently in dental implantology are exclusively made of titanium alloy. This is reflected in a difficult processing of the material.Preparation and economic point of view are also very demanding. Our aim was to find a material with high physicomechanical and biological properties. Our selection was an alloy of chromium and cobalt that exhibited better physical properties than titanium alloy. Biological properties were maintained by a layering of titanium nitride and zirconium nitride on the cromium-cobalt alloy. The material with surface - layered structure was biologically tested. The first test was a cell growth test. The study is a part of the project No. 7356-3 provided by IGA grant of the Czech Ministry of Health

Ectodermal Dysplasia - Connections and Implantation

Ectodermal dysplasia is a disease of strong familial disposition. There is a broad scale of subtypes with more or less expressed signs. The diagnostics is of high significance as well as the associated missing teeth. The shortage in dentition becomes apparent already in the primary teeth. In the permanent dentition hypodontia is significantly expressed and there are even cases anodontia.An insufficient bone matter is an important part of the problem. An interdisciplinary collaboration of several stomatology professions takes a part in the solution.In the final phase of therapy dental implantology can be used, specifically pedostomatology to orthodontia up to final prosthetic sanation.The authors provided an outline of the therapy of ectodermal dysplasia together with the individual approach to patients and implication of implants in the age category of youth and adolescents

Evaluation of Chemical Stability of Coating Layer of Zirconium Nitride on the Basic Construction from Chromium-cobalt Alloy

In recent dental implantology, technically pure titanium or its alloys are broadly used as common metal material. The material possesses optimal biological characteristics. Unfortunately, its technological processing is difficult and limiting for production of some types of dental implants. Subperiostal implants might be pointed out in this respect. The objective of research project was to substitute titanium and titanium alloys for wellprocessed chromium-cobalt alloy coated with ceramic material ZrN or multilayered Zr/ZrN. Other objective was to prove its biocompatibility, full adhesivity and mechanical resistance. Results indicated high chemical resistance, of the material that, thanks to coating, reduced ion relase from chromium -cobalt alloy by 28-32 % in relation to surface roughness. Such results are very promising for dental implantology. The study presented in this paper was supported by project No. 7356-3 provided by the IGA MZ ČR ND grant agency. The research was carried out within the frame of Stomatological Research Center number1M0528 (SVC)

Biological Tests of Chromium-cobalt Alloy Coated with Zirconium Nitride and Titanium Nitride

It is well established in recent clinical stomatology that the materials used routinely in oral cavity, mucosa, and bridges constructions have proper mechanical and physical characteristics. The materials are ideal from technological point of view and it is easy to work with them in clinical practice. Their processing and surface finishing is easy. The materials show high biocompatibility when used in gingival and mucosal surfaces. In a jaw, the contact of implant materials with bone tissue and required osseointegration represent more complex and demanding issue than in soft tissues. In bone tissue, there is a necessity to use the materials exhibiting a high level of bioactivity. Within the frame of a long-term research project, we tested a modification of material routinely used in stomatological practice. A chromium-cobalt alloy was coated with titanium nitrate or zirconium nitrate. The two above-specified surface layers were tested for a prospective application in dental implantology. The results of standard biotests demonstrated a biocompatibility sufficient for the requirements of dental implantology

Individual Titan-ceramic Extension

Prosthetic reconstruction on the implant represents an important chapter in the practice of implantology. The stability of function of the prosthetic substitution provides a reliable anti-rotation system of the extension part of the implant, which fixes the prosthetic work and transfers the mastication pressures through the implant to the surrounding bone. The shape of the extension part determines satisfying function and esthetics of the prosthetic work.In the process of developing the shape of the Martikan system were gradually came to the conclusion that the ideal shape of the gingival part of the extension, especially in the visible part of the set of teeth can be reached only when it is made individually. In collaboration with the producer and dental technique the authors gradually developed technology of individually made titan-ceramic extension. In spite of the complex and time-consuming technology it has become possible to reach markedly better results in the esthetics and function of the prosthetic work

Binary Titanium-tantalum alloys and their Biocompatibility

The paper deals with investigation of biological properties of binary alloys of titanium with tantalum in relation to the ratio of mass share of tantalum in the alloy. Tests of cytocompatibility and genotoxicity have been made. The tests of cytocompatibility included those of cell growth, cell adherence, dilation test, tolerance test in monolayer, and in suspension. The genotoxicity tests encompassed those of induction of atypical mitoses, induction of chromosomal aberrations in a cell line and in human peripheral lymphocytes. Based of the evaluation of these biological tests the authors determined suitability of using such alloys in oral implantology. Beta alloys formed in this way can be recommended for use in the production of implants