199 research outputs found
A Generalization of Martin's Axiom
We define the chain condition. The corresponding forcing axiom
is a generalization of Martin's Axiom and implies certain uniform failures of
club--guessing on that don't seem to have been considered in the
literature before.Comment: 36 page
Evaluation of Medicine Abuse Trends in Community Pharmacies: The Medicine Abuse Observatory (MAO) in a Region of Southern Europe
The misuse of medicines is a global public health concern that needs to be taken into consideration and requires actions across all government sectors and society. The aim of this study is to identify trends of drug abuse in Catalonia, a region of Spain located in the South of Europe. For this purpose, a questionnaire-based detection tool was created and implemented in 60 community pharmacies. Out of 548 questionnaires (98.4%), 64.2% of participants were men and the highest age proportion was 25-35 years (31.4%). Potential drug abuse was the highest in urban pharmacies (84.9%). The main drug class involved were benzodiazepines (31.8%), codeine (19.3%), tramadol (7.5%), methylphenidate (5.8%), gabapentinoids (5.8%), cycloplegic drops (4.4%), z-drugs (2.6%), piracetam (2.2%), dextromethorphan (1.6%) and clomethiazole (1.1%). The majority of drugs were requested without prescription (58.6%) and through probably forged prescriptions (23.7%). Slightly less than half (49.8%) of the patients request frequently to the pharmacist, especially in rural and mountain pharmacies (73.3% and 88.5%, respectively). A small proportion (10.8%) were requested with intimidation. Pharmacists only supplied in 21.7% of the cases. This study has demonstrated the suitability of the new detection system, being a useful approach to replicate in other locations with similar needs
El nitrat de les fonts del Lluçanès: efectes sobre les comunitats de briòfits (molses i hepà tiques) = Nitrate in natural springs in Lluçanès region: Effects on the communities of bryophytes (mosses and liverworts)
Semi-natural springs contain complex communities of living organisms that look for
constant water supplies. However, an excess of nitrate in the underlying aquifers
could affect species richness, especially
of those groups that are sensitive to pollution such as bryophytes (mosses and liverworts). In this study, we analyse water
characteristics and presence of bryophytes
in 93 natural springs in Lluçanès region.
We find that although a few species can
cope with a relative nitrate excess, most of
them do not tolerate it, meaning that species richness decreases in the most polluted
sources, showing an adverse effect of water
pollution on the biodiversity of bryophyte
Health Impacts of Catastrophic Climate Change: Expert Workshop. Avoid Dangerous Climate Change (AVOID)
Climate change is likely to have serious and significant impacts on human population health. The
mechanisms by which climate change may affect health are becoming better understood. Current
quantitative methods of estimating future health impacts rely on disease-specific models that
primarily describe relationships between mean values of weather variables and health outcomes
and do not address the impacts of extreme events or weather disasters. Extreme events have the
potential to disrupt community function, which is of concern for decision-makers. Estimating the
magnitude and extent of impacts from low probability high impact events is challenging because
there is often no analogue that can provide relevant evidence and that take into account the
complexity of factors determining future vulnerability and health impacts (the social determinants of
health)
Securing Smart Contract On The Fly
We present Solythesis, a source to source Solidity compiler which takes a
smart contract code and a user specified invariant as the input and produces an
instrumented contract that rejects all transactions that violate the invariant.
The design of Solythesis is driven by our observation that the consensus
protocol and the storage layer are the primary and the secondary performance
bottlenecks of Ethereum, respectively. Solythesis operates with our novel delta
update and delta check techniques to minimize the overhead caused by the
instrumented storage access statements. Our experimental results validate our
hypothesis that the overhead of runtime validation, which is often too
expensive for other domains, is in fact negligible for smart contracts. The CPU
overhead of Solythesis is only 0.12% on average for our 23 benchmark contracts
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