Characterization and Applications of Non-Magnetic Rotating Gliding Arc Reactors - A Brief Review

Gliding arc discharge (GAD) reactors are known for high energy efficiency and good chemical selectivity compared to non-thermal plasmas such as glow discharge, corona and dielectric barrier discharge. Reported literature identified that planar diverging GAD have non-uniform gas treatment (e.g. only 20% of gas processed by plasma depending on electrode configuration). Further requirement of minimum limit gas velocity to drag the arc results in lower gas residence time. This paper attempts to investigate the GAD performance and preliminary studies to overcome some of the identified drawbacks, by using only fluid mechanics without magnetic field (rotating gliding arc (RGA)) inside the plasma reactor developed in various research laboratories. This article discusses the applications of GAD and also focuses on bringing out the performance and comparing with the results from the existing non-magnetic rotating gliding arc reactors. The paper also summarizes results from literature in such reactor designs

Application of Non-thermal Plasmas in Medicine and Energy-Food-Water

Non-thermal plasma (NTP) due to their versatile nature have been successfully used in many applications ranging from hydrocarbon destruction to cancer treatment. The NTPs, can deliver high electron temperatures and high densities of radicals at near ambient conditions making it a unique source for applications ranging from treatment of extremely heat sensitive surfaces to complex chemical reactions which are feasible only at low temperatures. This work presents some of the recent understandings on how various NTP reactors can be designed and characterized for various applications. The results obtained from a pin-to-water plasma discharge system, in generating plasma activated water for agricultural applications are discussed. The application of NTPs in hydrocarbon reforming to obtain a tar-free gas from a waste to energy thermo-chemical process is discussed. The results of selective killing of cancer cells using a DBD is presented. Also, application of NTPs in wastewater treatment systems to treat household chemical products are presented

Design and Analysis of Dry Cylinder Liners Used in Diesel Engines

A Cylinder liner is a cylindrical part to be fitted  in to an engine block to form a cylindrical space in which the piston reciprocates very smoothly. It is one of the most important functional parts to make up the interior of an engine. Generally cylinder liners are made of Cast Iron, Cast steel, Nickel CI, Nickel chrome CI. The aim of this project is to design and analyze a dry cylinder liner for Hino-X diesel engines. A Hino – X engine cylinder dry liner used in one of Ashok Leyland model manufactured by  The amount of heat generated, heat transfer rate of the component, temperature produced inside the cylinder are to be calculated using ANSYS analysis package. Various surface coatings like ceramic, aluminum alloys and Nickel chrome alloy steel are used to study the, heat flux, , thermal stresses, thermal displacement, thermal gradient ,nodal temperatures of the cylinder liner. Modeling is done in Pro/Engineer and analysis is done coupled field analysis in ansys. After comparing the results, the best coated cylinder dry liner for this type of diesel engine can be suggested

RADIATION EFFECTS ON AN UNSTEADY MHD VERTICAL POROUS PLATE IN THE PRESENCE OF HOMOGENEOUS CHEMICAL REACTION

ABSTRACT The objective of this paper is to study the on an unsteady MHD flow, radiation and mass transfer of a viscous incompressible conducting fluid past on impulsively started infinite vertical porous plate with variable temperature in the presence of homogeneous chemical reaction is studied. The governing equations are solved by using the finite element method. The expression for velocity, temperature and concentration has been obtained. Some important applications of physical interest for different type motion of the plate are discussed. The results obtained have also been presented numerically through graphs to observe the effects of various parameters and the physical aspects of the problem

Photoinduced electron transfer between a donor and an acceptor separated by a capsular wall

The efficient photoinduced electron transfer from a stilbene derivative incarcerated within a negatively charged organic nanocapsule to positively charged acceptors (methyl viologen and a pyridinium salt) adsorbed outside and the back electron transfer were controlled by supramolecular effects

Finite Element Solution of Heat and Mass Transfer in MHD Flow of a Viscous Fluid past a Vertical Plate under Oscillatory Suction Velocity

The study of hydromagnetic heat and mass transfer in MHD flow of an incompressible, electrically conducting, viscous fluid past an infinite vertical porous plate along with porous medium of time dependent permeability under oscillatory suction velocity normal to the plate has been made. It is considered that the influence of the uniform magnetic field acts normal to the flow and the permeability of the porous medium fluctuate with the time. The problem is solved, numerically by Galerkin finite element method for velocity, temperature, concentration field and the expressions for skin – friction, Nusselt number and Sherwood number are also obtained. The results obtained are discussed for Grashof number (Gr > 0) corresponding to the cooling of the plate and (Gr < 0) corresponding to the heating of the plate with the help of graphs and tables to observe the effects of various parameters

Finite Element Solution of MHD Transient Flow past an Impulsively Started Infinite Horizontal Porous Plate in a Rotating Fluid with Hall Current

The problem of a transient three dimensional MHD flow of an electrically conducting viscous incompressible rotating fluid past an impulsively started infinite horizontal porous plate taking into account the Hall current is presented. It is assumed that the fluid rotates with a constant angular velocity about the normal to the plate and a uniform magnetic field applied along the normal to the plate and directed into the fluid region. The magnetic Reynolds number is assumed to be so small that the induced magnetic field can be neglected. The non-dimensional equations governing the flow are solved by Galerkin finite element method. The expressions for the primary and secondary velocity fields are obtained in non-dimensional form. The effects of the physical parameters like M (Hartmann number), Ω (Rotation parameter) and m (Hall parameter) on these fields are discussed through graphs and results are physically interpreted

Maternal Manganese Restriction Increases Susceptibility to High-Fat Diet-Induced Dyslipidemia and Altered Adipose Function in WNIN Male Rat Offspring

Growth in utero is largely a reflection of nutrient and oxygen supply to the foetus. We studied the effects of Mn restriction per se, maternal Mn restriction, and postnatal high-fat feeding in modulating body composition, lipid metabolism and adipocyte function in Wistar/NIN (WNIN) rat offspring. Female weanling, WNIN rats received ad libitum for 4 months, a control or Mn-restricted diet and were mated with control males. Some restricted mothers were rehabilitated with control diet from conception (MnRC) or parturition (MnRP), and their offspring were raised on control diet. Some restricted offspring were weaned onto control diet (MnRW), while others continued on restricted diet throughout (MnR). A set of offspring from each group was fed high-fat diet from 9 months onwards. Body composition, adipocytes function, and lipid metabolism were monitored in male rat offspring at regular intervals. Maternal manganese restriction increased the susceptibility of the offspring to high-fat-induced adiposity, dyslipidaemia, and a proinflammatory state but did not affect their glycemic or insulin status

Bingham Fluid Flow through a Tapered Tube with Permeable Wall

Bingham fluid flow through a tapered tube with permeable wall studied. The flow takes place due to pressure gradient, and the porous medium is homogeneous with permeability k. The flow surrounded by the porous medium is governed by the Bingham model, and the flow in the porous medium is governed by the Darcy’s law. The velocity distribution, the volume rate of flow and its fractional increase are obtained. The results are deduced and discussed through graphs

Variation in parasitic potential of Heterodera glycines populations

Fifty-eight populations of H. glycines were collected from 10 major soyabean producing states. These populations were compared for infraspecific variation in parasitic potential on soyabean genotypes 'Peking', 'Pickett', Plant Introduction (PI) 88788, PI 90763, and 'Lee 68'. Race 3 was present in 45% of locations; it was the most widespread population. Race 6 was present in 19% of the locations. Frequency of occurrence of other races (Races 1, 2, 5, 9, and 14) ranged between 3 and 9%. On the basis of reproduction on genotypes, 83% of the populations tested had genes to parasitize Pickett. All populations from Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Iowa, North Carolina and South Carolina produced cysts on this genotype. Average level of parasitism was greatest on Pickett and lowest on PI 90763; 91% of SCN populations tested had <10% level of parasitism on PI 90763. The SCN gene frequencies demonstrated that nematode populations with predominant genes for parasitism on Pickett and Lee 68 were widespread especially in the southern soyabean producing states in the USA. Cultivation of varieties with resistance derived from Peking and Pickett in these regions should not be very effective. For management of SCN-caused yield losses, cultivation of soyabean varieties with resistance derived from PI 90763, PI 88788, and PI 437654 should be encouraged