4,506 research outputs found
A Review and Meta-Analysis of Age-Based Stereotype Threat: Negative Stereotypes, Not Facts, Do the Damage.
Stereotype threat effects arise when an individual feels at risk of confirming a negative stereotype about their group and consequently underperforms on stereotype relevant tasks (Steele, 2010). Among older people, underperformance across cognitive and physical tasks is hypothesized to result from age-based stereotype threat (ABST) because of negative age-stereotypes regarding older adults’ competence. The present review and meta-analyses examine 22 published and 10 unpublished articles, including 82 effect sizes (N = 3882) investigating ABST on older people’s (Mage = 69.5) performance. The analysis revealed a significant small-to-medium effect of ABST (d = .28) and important moderators of the effect size. Specifically, older adults are more vulnerable to ABST when (a) stereotype-based rather than fact-based manipulations are used (d = .52); (b) when performance is tested using cognitive measures (d = .36); and (c) occurs reliably when the dependent variable is measured proximally to the manipulation. The review raises important theoretical and methodological issues, and areas for future research. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2015 APA, all rights reserved
Scientific Objectives for UV/Visible Astrophysics Investigations: A Summary of Responses by the Community (2012)
Following several recommendations presented by the Astrophysics Decadal
Survey 2010 centered around the need to define "a future ultraviolet-optical
space capability," on 2012 May 25, NASA issued a Request for Information (RFI)
seeking persuasive ultraviolet (UV) and visible wavelength astrophysics science
investigations. The goal was to develop a cohesive and compelling set of
science objectives that motivate and support the development of the next
generation of ultraviolet/visible space astrophysics missions. Responses were
due on 10 August 2012 when 34 submissions were received addressing a number of
potential science drivers. A UV/visible Mission RFI Workshop was held on 2012
September 20 where each of these submissions was summarized and discussed in
the context of each other. We present a scientific analysis of these
submissions and presentations and the pursuant measurement capability needs,
which could influence ultraviolet/visible technology development plans for the
rest of this decade. We also describe the process and requirements leading to
the inception of this community RFI, subsequent workshop and the expected
evolution of these ideas and concepts for the remainder of this decade.Comment: 22 pages, 1 figure, 3 table
Fibroblasts derived from long-lived insulin receptor substrate 1 null mice are not resistant to multiple forms of stress
Reduced signalling through the insulin/insulin-like growth factor-1 signalling (IIS) pathway is a highly conserved lifespan determinant in model organisms. The precise mechanism underlying the effects of the IIS on lifespan and health is currently unclear, although cellular stress resistance may be important. We have previously demonstrated that mice globally lacking insulin receptor substrate 1 (Irs1−/−) are long-lived and enjoy a greater period of their life free from age-related pathology compared with wild-type (WT) controls. In this study, we show that primary dermal fibroblasts and primary myoblasts derived from Irs1−/− mice are no more resistant to a range of oxidant and nonoxidant chemical stressors than cells derived from WT mice
The Broadband X-Ray Spectrum of the X-Ray-obscured Type 1 AGN 2MASX J193013.80+341049.5
We present results from modeling the broadband X-ray spectrum of the Type 1 active galactic nucleus (AGN) 2MASX J193013.80+341049.5 using NuSTAR, Swift, and archival XMM-Newton observations. We find this source to be highly X-ray obscured, with column densities exceeding 10²³ cm⁻² across all epochs of X-ray observations, spanning an 8 yr period. However, the source exhibits prominent broad optical emission lines, consistent with an unobscured Type 1 AGN classification. We fit the X-ray spectra with both phenomenological reflection models and physically motivated torus models to model the X-ray absorption. We examine the spectral energy distribution of this source and investigate some possible scenarios to explain the mismatch between X-ray and optical classifications. We compare the ratio of reddening to X-ray absorbing column density (E_(B−V)/N_H) and find that 2MASX J193013.80+341049.5 likely has a much lower dust-to-gas ratio relative to the Galactic interstellar medium, suggesting that the broad line region itself could provide the source of extra X-ray obscuration, being composed of low-ionization, dust-free gas
Tempo and Mode of Evolution in the Tangled Nature Model
We study the Tangled Nature model of macro evolution and demonstrate that the
co-evolutionary dynamics produces an increasingly correlated core of well
occupied types. At the same time the entire configuration of types becomes
increasing de-correlated. This finding is related to ecosystem evolution. The
systems level dynamics of the model is subordinated to intermittent transitions
between meta-stable states. We improve on previous studies of the statistics of
the transition times and show that the fluctuations in the offspring
probability decreases with number of transitions. The longtime adaptation, as
seen by an increasing population size is demonstrated to be related to the
convexity of the offspring probability. We explain how the models behaviour is
a mathematical reflection of Darwin's concept of adaptation of profitable
variations.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figure
Surface-based molecular self-assembly: Langmuir-Blodgett films of amphiphilic Ln(III) complexes
The unique photophysical properties of the Ln(III) series has led to significant research efforts being directed towards their application in sensors. However, for “real-life” applications, these sensors should ideally be immobilised onto surfaces without loss of function. The Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) technique offers a promising method in which to achieve such immobilisation. This mini-review focuses on synthetic strategies for film formation, the effect that film formation has on the physical properties of the Ln(III) amphiphile, and concludes with examples of Ln(III) LB films being used as sensors
Information gap for classical and quantum communication in a Schwarzschild spacetime
Communication between a free-falling observer and an observer hovering above
the Schwarzschild horizon of a black hole suffers from Unruh-Hawking noise,
which degrades communication channels. Ignoring time dilation, which affects
all channels equally, we show that for bosonic communication using single and
dual rail encoding the classical channel capacity reaches a finite value and
the quantum coherent information tends to zero. We conclude that classical
correlations still exist at infinite acceleration, whereas the quantum
coherence is fully removed.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure
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