A New Coding for Parallelogram Animals

We describe a new coding for parallelogram animals and Motzkin words. From this new coding, we deduce a relation between the Catalan numbers, Motzkin words and parallelogram animals

Male Microchimerism at High Levels in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells from Women with End Stage Renal Disease before Kidney Transplantation

Patients with end stage renal diseases (ESRD) are generally tested for donor chimerism after kidney transplantation for tolerance mechanism purposes. But, to our knowledge, no data are available on natural and/or iatrogenic microchimerism (Mc), deriving from pregnancy and/or blood transfusion, acquired prior to transplantation. In this context, we tested the prevalence of male Mc using a real time PCR assay for DYS14, a Y-chromosome specific sequence, in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from 55 women with ESRD, prior to their first kidney transplantation, and compared them with results from 82 healthy women. Male Mc was also quantified in 5 native kidney biopsies obtained two to four years prior to blood testing and in PBMC from 8 women collected after female kidney transplantation, several years after the initial blood testing. Women with ESRD showed statistically higher frequencies (62%) and quantities (98 genome equivalent cells per million of host cells, gEq/M) of male Mc in their PBMC than healthy women (16% and 0.3 gEq/M, p<0.00001 and p = 0.0005 respectively). Male Mc was increased in women with ESRD whether they had or not a history of male pregnancy and/or of blood transfusion. Three out of five renal biopsies obtained a few years prior to the blood test also contained Mc, but no correlation could be established between earlier Mc in a kidney and later presence in PBMC. Finally, several years after female kidney transplantation, male Mc was totally cleared from PBMC in all women tested but one. This intriguing and striking initial result of natural and iatrogenic male Mc persistence in peripheral blood from women with ESRD raises several hypotheses for the possible role of these cells in renal diseases. Further studies are needed to elucidate mechanisms of recruitment and persistence of Mc in women with ESRD

Breast cancer stroma frequently recruits fetal derived cells during pregnancy

Breast carcinomas associated with pregnancy display a high frequency of inflammatory types, multifocal lesions and lymph node metastasis. Because pregnancy results in transfer to mothers of foetal stem cells that can migrate and differentiate into various tissues, we addressed the issue of whether such cells are present in breast carcinoma associated with pregnancy

How To Use Context Free Grammars And Q-Grammars In Maple

. The purpose of this note is to present a MAPLE library computing on algebraic grammars and q-grammars in a first approach of a language or a q-equation. We list here the main procedures. 1. Introduction The methodology of M.P. Schutzenberger [14] has lead to solve many enumeration problems. It consists in coding by words of an algebraic language the combinatorial objects to be enumerated ; if this language is generated by a context free grammar G, the generating function obtained from G is the solution of the problem. In particular, many applications are in the field of planar maps [4] or polyominoes [7, 8]. An overlook to this method can be found in [8] or [15]. Many problems can not be solved by this methodology and need the introduction of q-calculus, for example if the generating function of the studied objects according some parameters is not algebraic. The q-grammars were introduced by Delest and F&apos;edou [5] in order to get some non algebraic equations by means of attribute gr..

Report (2017) of the International Registry on Hand and Composite Tissue Allotransplantation (IRHCTT)

Purpose of Review: Analysis of all upper extremity (UET) and face allotransplantations (FT) reported to the International Registry on Hand and Composite Tissue Transplantation (IRHCTT) by May 2017. Recent Findings: The IRHCTT includes 66 cases of UET (18 unilateral and 38 bilateral) and 30 of FT. Acute and chronic rejections were reported in the presence of immunosuppression. Complications similar to those reported in solid organ transplantation occurred. UET patient survival was 96.7% at 1, 5, and 10&nbsp;years after transplantation; graft survival was 90.4% at 1&nbsp;year and 86.6% at 5 and 10&nbsp;years. FT patient survival was 96.6% at 1&nbsp;year and 96.2% at 5&nbsp;years; graft survival was 96.6% at 1 and 5&nbsp;years. The majority of UET and FT recipients were satisfied of their graft. Summary: UET and FT are complex procedures requiring long-life immunosuppression; their success requires the patients’ careful selection, through evaluation, follow-up and compliance to the immunosuppression

Parallelogram Polyominoes and Corners

this article, we refine the result by Delest and F&apos;edou, introducing the parameter corner. In fact, the properties of the last paragraph were studied before obtaining Theorem 2.3 which seems more general. 2. A new generating function for parallelogram polyominoe

How To Use Context Free Grammars And Q-Grammars In Maple

. The purpose of this note is to present a MAPLE library computing on algebraic grammars and q-grammars in a first approach of a language or a q-equation. We list here the main procedures. 1. Introduction The methodology of M.P. Schutzenberger [14] has lead to solve many enumeration problems. It consists in coding by words of an algebraic language the combinatorial objects to be enumerated ; if this language is generated by a context free grammar G, the generating function obtained from G is the solution of the problem. In particular, many applications are in the field of planar maps [4] or polyominoes [7, 8]. An overlook to this method can be found in [8] or [15]. Many problems can not be solved by this methodology and need the introduction of q-calculus, for example if the generating function of the studied objects according some parameters is not algebraic. The q-grammars were introduced by Delest and F&apos;edou [5] in order to get some non algebraic equations by means of attribute gr..