10,561 research outputs found
On Linear Product Codes and Their Duals Scientific Report No. 4
Tensor products of linear codes, and product codes with dual cyclic component code
Dense blocks of energetic ions driven by multi-petawatt lasers
Laser-driven ion accelerators have the advantages of compact size, high
density, and short bunch duration over conventional accelerators. Nevertheless,
it is still challenging to simultaneously enhance the yield and quality of
laser-driven ion beams for practical applications. Here we propose a scheme to
address this challenge via the use of emerging multi-petawatt lasers and a
density-modulated target. The density-modulated target permits its ions to be
uniformly accelerated as a dense block by laser radiation pressure. In
addition, the beam quality of the accelerated ions is remarkably improved by
embedding the target in a thick enough substrate, which suppresses hot electron
refluxing and thus alleviates plasma heating. Particle-in-cell simulations
demonstrate that almost all ions in a solid-density plasma of a few microns can
be uniformly accelerated to about 25% of the speed of light by a laser pulse at
an intensity around 1022 W/cm2. The resulting dense block of energetic ions may
drive fusion ignition and more generally create matter with unprecedented high
energy density.Comment: 18 pages, 4 figure
Frozen light in photonic crystals with degenerate band edge
Consider a plane monochromatic wave incident on a semi-infinite periodic
structure. What happens if the normal component of the transmitted wave group
velocity vanishes? At first sight, zero normal component of the transmitted
wave group velocity simply implies total reflection of the incident wave. But
we demonstrate that total reflection is not the only possible outcome. Instead,
the transmitted wave can appear in the form of a frozen mode with very large
diverging amplitude and either zero, or purely tangential energy flux. The
field amplitude in the transmitted wave can exceed that of the incident wave by
several orders of magnitude. There are two qualitatively different kinds of
frozen mode regime. The first one is associated with a stationary inflection
point of electromagnetic dispersion relation. This phenomenon has been analyzed
in our previous publications. Now, our focus is on the frozen mode regime
related to a degenerate photonic band edge. An advantage of this new phenomenon
is that it can occur in much simpler periodic structures. This spectacular
effect is extremely sensitive to the frequency and direction of propagation of
the incident plane wave. These features can be very attractive in a variety
practical applications, such as higher harmonic generation and wave mixing,
light amplification and lasing, highly efficient superprizms, etc
Slow wave resonance in periodic stacks of anisotropic layers
We consider transmission band edge resonance in periodic layered structures
involving birefringent layers. Previously we have shown that the presence of
birefringent layers with misaligned in-plane anisotropy can dramatically
enhance the performance of the photonic-crystal Fabry-Perot resonator. It
allows to reduce its size by an order of magnitude without compromising on its
performance. The key characteristic of the enhanced photonic-crystal cavity is
that its Bloch dispersion relation displays a degenerate photonic band edge,
rather than only regular ones. This can be realized in specially arranged
stacks of misaligned anisotropic layers. On the down side, the presence of
birefringent layers results in the Fabry-Perot resonance being coupled only
with one (elliptic) polarization component of the incident wave, while the
other polarization component is reflected back to space. In this paper we show
how a small modification of the periodic layered array can solve the above
fundamental problem and provide a perfect impedance match regardless of the
incident wave polarization, while preserving the giant transmission resonance,
characteristic of a degenerate photonic band edge. Both features are of
critical importance for a variety of practical applications, including
antennas, light amplification, optical and microwave filters, etc.Comment: To be submitted to Phys. Rev.
Nitrogen dynamics in the shallow groundwater of a riparian wetland zone of the Garonne, SW France: nitrate inputs, bacterial densities, organic matter supply and denitrification measurements
This study highlights the role of interactions between surface and sub-surface water of the riparian zone of a large river (the Garonne, SW
France). Information is given about the role of surface water in supplying Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC ) to the riparian zone for nitrate
removal processes. The densities of bacteria (up to 3.3106 cell m L-1) in groundwater are strongly conditioned by the water moving during
flood events. Total bacterial densities in groundwater were related to surface water bacterial densities. In sediment, total bacteria are attached
mainly to fine particles (90 % in the fraction < 1 mm). Spatial variations in organic carbon and nitrate content in groundwater at the site
studied are correlated with exchanges between the groundwater and the river, from the upstream to the downstream part of the meander. Total
bacterial densities, nitrate and decressing organic carbon concentrations follow the same pattern. These results suggest that, in this kind of
riparian wetland, nitrate from alluvial groundwater influenced by agricultural practices may be denitrified by bacteria in the presence of
organic carbon from river surface water
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