Recent Results from the NAL Bubble Chamber

We present a summary of results obtained during the last few months from the 30‐inch hydrogen bubble chamber at National Accelerator Laboratory.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/87689/2/124_1.pd

One Person-One Vote Round III: Challenges to the 1980 Redistricting

Ever since the United States Supreme Court entered the political thicket of redistricting and reapportionment courts and legislatures have been struggling with issues relating to the Court\u27s mandate of one person, one vote. The re-drawing of congressional and legislative district boundaries after the 1980 census was only the third time that district boundaries have been drawn according to the Supreme Court\u27s mandate of one person-one vote. This Article discusses the legal requirements of one person-one vote and the continuing evolution of the legal standards in this area. Part II analyzes the evolution of one person-one vote doctrine in the Supreme Court cases of the 1960\u27s and 1970\u27s. Part III discusses Round Three and focuses on the cases in state and lower federal courts. Included in this section are discussions of the New Jersey and Wyoming cases, the latest decisions of the Court on redistricting and reapportionment. Part IV examines several unresolved issues in the one person-one vote field, and concludes that the issues of gerrymandering and fine-tuning of the mathematics of one person-one vote should be confronted in the next round of redistricting and reapportionment cases

Experimental Status of Proton Decay

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/75547/1/j.1749-6632.1986.tb52442.x.pd

One Person-One Vote Round III: Challenges to the 1980 Redistricting

Ever since the United States Supreme Court entered the political thicket of redistricting and reapportionment courts and legislatures have been struggling with issues relating to the Court\u27s mandate of one person, one vote. The re-drawing of congressional and legislative district boundaries after the 1980 census was only the third time that district boundaries have been drawn according to the Supreme Court\u27s mandate of one person-one vote. This Article discusses the legal requirements of one person-one vote and the continuing evolution of the legal standards in this area. Part II analyzes the evolution of one person-one vote doctrine in the Supreme Court cases of the 1960\u27s and 1970\u27s. Part III discusses Round Three and focuses on the cases in state and lower federal courts. Included in this section are discussions of the New Jersey and Wyoming cases, the latest decisions of the Court on redistricting and reapportionment. Part IV examines several unresolved issues in the one person-one vote field, and concludes that the issues of gerrymandering and fine-tuning of the mathematics of one person-one vote should be confronted in the next round of redistricting and reapportionment cases

Документи Державного архіву Чернігівської області як джерело захисту прав жертв нацистського окупаційного режиму

The retention of phosphorus in surface waters through co-precipitation of phosphate with Fe-oxyhydroxides during exfiltration of anaerobic Fe(II) rich groundwater is not well understood. We developed an experimental field set-up to study Fe(II) oxidation and P immobilization along the flow-path from groundwater into surface water in an agricultural experimental catchment of a small lowland river. We physically separated tube drain effluent from groundwater discharge before it entered a ditch in an agricultural field. Through continuous discharge measurements and weekly water quality sampling of groundwater, tube drain water, exfiltrated groundwater, and surface water, we investigated Fe(II) oxidation kinetics and P immobilization processes. The oxidation rate inferred from our field measurements closely agreed with the general rate law for abiotic oxidation of Fe(II) by O₂. Seasonal changes in climatic conditions affected the Fe(II) oxidation process. Lower pH and lower temperatures in winter (compared to summer) resulted in low Fe oxidation rates. After exfiltration to the surface water, it took a couple of days to more than a week before complete oxidation of Fe(II) is reached. In summer time, Fe oxidation rates were much higher. The Fe concentrations in the exfiltrated groundwater were low, indicating that dissolved Fe(II) is completely oxidized prior to inflow into a ditch. While the Fe oxidation rates reduce drastically from summer to winter, P concentrations remained high in the groundwater and an order of magnitude lower in the surface water throughout the year. This study shows very fast immobilization of dissolved P during the initial stage of the Fe(II) oxidation process which results in P-depleted water before Fe(II) is completely depleted. This cannot be explained by surface complexation of phosphate to freshly formed Fe-oxyhydroxides but indicates the formation of Fe(III)-phosphate precipitates. The formation of Fe(III)-phosphates at redox gradients seems an important geochemical mechanism in the transformation of dissolved phosphate to structural phosphate and, therefore, a major control on the P retention in natural waters that drain anaerobic aquifers

Новый взгляд на творчество М. Горького: обзор научных публикаций последнего пятнадцатилетия

Проблема переосмысления творческого наследия русского писателя М. Горького является одной из самых актуальных в современном литературоведении. Кризис методологии, затронувший гуманитарные науки в конце XX века, привел к пересмотру многих казавшихся неоспоримыми истин в горьковедении. В статье предложен краткий аналитический обзор тех исследований последних пятнадцати лет, в которых представлены наиболее перспективные результаты, значимые с точки зрения нового подхода к изучению творчества М. Горького.The problem of a new view on the creative heritage of a Russian writer Maxim Gorky is one of the more urgent in modern literary criticism. Late XX century methodological crisis of humanities has led to a revision of most principles in Gorky studies that had earlier seemed irrefutable. A shot analytical review of the last 15 years' most valuable researches is offered in the article

The state of MIIND

MIIND (Multiple Interacting Instantiations of Neural Dynamics) is a highly modular multi-level C++ framework, that aims to shorten the development time for models in Cognitive Neuroscience (CNS). It offers reusable code modules (libraries of classes and functions) aimed at solving problems that occur repeatedly in modelling, but tries not to impose a specific modelling philosophy or methodology. At the lowest level, it offers support for the implementation of sparse networks. For example, the library SparseImplementationLib supports sparse random networks and the library LayerMappingLib can be used for sparse regular networks of filter-like operators. The library DynamicLib, which builds on top of the library SparseImplementationLib, offers a generic framework for simulating network processes. Presently, several specific network process implementations are provided in MIIND: the Wilson–Cowan and Ornstein–Uhlenbeck type, and population density techniques for leaky-integrate-and-fire neurons driven by Poisson input. A design principle of MIIND is to support detailing: the refinement of an originally simple model into a form where more biological detail is included. Another design principle is extensibility: the reuse of an existing model in a larger, more extended one. One of the main uses of MIIND so far has been the instantiation of neural models of visual attention. Recently, we have added a library for implementing biologically-inspired models of artificial vision, such as HMAX and recent successors. In the long run we hope to be able to apply suitably adapted neuronal mechanisms of attention to these artificial models

Calibration and Validation of the Sentinels Geophysical Observation Models

We present a method to calibrate and validate observational models that interrelate remotely sensed energy fluxes to geophysical variables of land and water surfaces. Coincident sets of remote sensing observation of visible and microwave radiations and geophysical data are assembled and subdivided into calibration (Cal) and validation (Val) data sets. Each Cal/Val pair is used to derive the coefficients (from the Cal set) and the accuracy (from the Val set) of the observation model. Combining the results from all Cal/Val pairs provides probability distributions of the model coefficients and model errors. The method is generic and demonstrated using comprehensive matchup sets from two very different disciplines: soil moisture and water quality. The results demonstrate that the method provides robust model coefficients and quantitative measure of the model uncertainty. This approach can be adopted for the calibration/validation of satellite products of land and water surfaces, and the resulting uncertainty can be used as input to data assimilation schemes