565 research outputs found
A tracker solution to the cold dark matter cosmic coincidence problem
Recently, we introduced the notion of "tracker fields," a form of
quintessence which has an attractor-like solution. Using this concept, we
showed how to construct models in which the ratio of quintessence to matter
densities today is independent of initial conditions. Here we apply the same
idea to the standard cold dark matter component in cases where it is composed
of oscillating fields. Combining these ideas, we can construct a model in which
quintessence, cold dark matter, and ordinary matter all contribute comparable
amounts to the total energy density today irrespective of initial conditions.Comment: 8 pages, 2 eps figures, use epsfig.sty, accepted for publication in
Physics Letters
Photon emission in a constant magnetic field in 2+1 dimensional space-time
We calculate by the proper-time method the amplitude of the two-photon
emission by a charged fermion in a constant magnetic field in (2+1)-dimensional
space-time. The relevant dynamics reduces to that of a supesymmetric
quantum-mechanical system with one bosonic and one fermionic degrees of
freedom.Comment: 18 pages. v2: references added, some significant changes in the
introductio
Microstates of a Neutral Black Hole in M Theory
We consider vacuum solutions in M theory of the form of a five-dimensional
Kaluza-Klein black hole cross T^6. In a certain limit, these include the
five-dimensional neutral rotating black hole (cross T^6). From a IIA
standpoint, these solutions carry D0 and D6 charges. We show that there is a
weakly coupled D-brane description which precisely reproduces the
Hawking-Bekenstein entropy in the extremal limit, even though supersymmetry is
completely broken.Comment: 11 pages. v2: microstate counting extended to generic angular moment
The Revival of the Unified Dark Energy-Dark Matter Model ?
We consider the generalized Chaplygin gas (GCG) proposal for unification of
dark energy and dark matter and show that it admits an unique decomposition
into dark energy and dark matter components once phantom-like dark energy is
excluded. Within this framework, we study structure formation and show that
difficulties associated to unphysical oscillations or blow-up in the matter
power spectrum can be circumvented. Furthermore, we show that the dominance of
dark energy is related to the time when energy density fluctuations start
deviating from the linear behaviour.Comment: 6 pages, 4 eps figures, Revtex4 style. New References are added. Some
typos are corrected. Conclusions remain the sam
A New Cosmological Model of Quintessence and Dark Matter
We propose a new class of quintessence models in which late times
oscillations of a scalar field give rise to an effective equation of state
which can be negative and hence drive the observed acceleration of the
universe. Our ansatz provides a unified picture of quintessence and a new form
of dark matter we call "Frustrated Cold Dark Matter" (FCDM). FCDM inhibits
gravitational clustering on small scales and could provide a natural resolution
to the core density problem for disc galaxy halos. Since the quintessence field
rolls towards a small value, constraints on slow-roll quintessence models are
safely circumvented in our model.Comment: Revised. Important new results added in response to referees comment
Cosmological models from quintessence
A generalized quintessence model is presented which corresponds to a richer
vacuum structure that, besides a time-dependent, slowly varying scalar field,
contains a varying cosmological term. From first principles we determine a
number of scalar-field potentials that satisfy the constraints imposed by the
field equations and conservations laws, both in the conventional and
generalized quintessence models. Besides inverse-power law solutions, these
potentials are given in terms of hyperbolic functions or the twelve Jacobian
elliptic functions, and are all related to the luminosity distance by means of
an integral equation. Integration of this equation for the different solutions
leads to a large family of cosmological models characterized by luminosity
distance-redshift relations. Out of such models, only four appear to be able to
predict a required accelerating universe conforming to observations on
supernova Ia, at large or moderate redshifts.Comment: 9 pages, RevTex, to appear in Phys. Rev.
The evolution of the universe from noncompact Kaluza-Klein theory
We develope a 5D mechanism inspired in the Campbell's theorem, to explain the
(neutral scalar field governed) evolution of the universe from a initially
inflationary expansion that has a change of phase towards a decelerated
expansion and thereinafter evolves towards the present day observed celerated
(quintessential) expansion.Comment: version accepted in Eur. Phys. J.
Phenomenology of a realistic accelerating universe using only Planck-scale physics
Modern data is showing increasing evidence that the Universe is accelerating.
So far, all attempts to account for the acceleration have required some
fundamental dimensionless quantities to be extremely small. We show how a class
of scalar field models (which may emerge naturally from superstring theory) can
account for acceleration which starts in the present epoch with all the
potential parameters O(1) in Planck units.Comment: 4 pages including 4 figures. Final version accepted for publication
in PRL with expanded discussion of the relationship to other quintessence
research. No changes to our own wor
Cosmological Tracking Solutions
A substantial fraction of the energy density of the universe may consist of
quintessence in the form of a slowly-rolling scalar field. Since the energy
density of the scalar field generally decreases more slowly than the matter
energy density, it appears that the ratio of the two densities must be set to a
special, infinitesimal value in the early universe in order to have the two
densities nearly coincide today.
Recently, we introduced the notion of tracker fields to avoid this initial
conditions problem. In the paper, we address the following questions: What is
the general condition to have tracker fields? What is the relation between the
matter energy density and the equation-of-state of the universe imposed by
tracker solutions? And, can tracker solutions explain why quintessence is
becoming important today rather than during the early universe
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