Modification methylase M.Sau3239I from Streptomyces aureofaciens 3239

AbstractBy chromatography on phosphocellulose and Heparin-Sepharose the modification methylase M.Sau3239I was detected and partly purified from cells of Streptomyces aureofaciens 3239. Methylation by this enzyme protects DNA from cleavage by the restriction endonuclease R.Sau3239I. The enzyme catalyzes methylation of adenine to N-6-methyladenine in the 5'-CTCGmAG-3' recognition sequence

Earlier emergence of a temperature response to mitigation by filtering annual variability

The rate of global surface warming is crucial for tracking progress towards global climate targets, but is strongly influenced by interannual-to-decadal variability, which precludes rapid detection of the temperature response to emission mitigation. Here we use a physics based Green's function approach to filter out modulations to global mean surface temperature from sea-surface temperature (SST) patterns, and show that it results in an earlier emergence of a response to strong emissions mitigation. For observed temperatures, we find a filtered 2011-2020 surface warming rate of 0.24 °C per decade, consistent with long-term trends. Unfiltered observations show 0.35 °C per decade, partly due to the El Nino of 2015-2016. Pattern filtered warming rates can become a strong tool for the climate community to inform policy makers and stakeholder communities about the ongoing and expected climate responses to emission reductions, provided an effort is made to improve and validate standardized Green's functions. © 2022. The Author(s)

Cellular therapy and tissue engineering for cartilage repair

Funding The authors are grateful to the Medical Research Council (grant numbers MR/L020211/1 and MR/L022893/1; CDB, AJR), Versus Arthritis (formerly Arthritis Research UK, grant numbers 20050, 20775, 20865, 21156, and 21800; CDB, AJR), Biosplice Therapeutics (CDB, AJR), and the Canadian Institute of Health Research (AZ, RAK) for supporting their research.Peer reviewedproo

A Survey on Approximation Mechanism Design without Money for Facility Games

In a facility game one or more facilities are placed in a metric space to serve a set of selfish agents whose addresses are their private information. In a classical facility game, each agent wants to be as close to a facility as possible, and the cost of an agent can be defined as the distance between her location and the closest facility. In an obnoxious facility game, each agent wants to be far away from all facilities, and her utility is the distance from her location to the facility set. The objective of each agent is to minimize her cost or maximize her utility. An agent may lie if, by doing so, more benefit can be obtained. We are interested in social choice mechanisms that do not utilize payments. The game designer aims at a mechanism that is strategy-proof, in the sense that any agent cannot benefit by misreporting her address, or, even better, group strategy-proof, in the sense that any coalition of agents cannot all benefit by lying. Meanwhile, it is desirable to have the mechanism to be approximately optimal with respect to a chosen objective function. Several models for such approximation mechanism design without money for facility games have been proposed. In this paper we briefly review these models and related results for both deterministic and randomized mechanisms, and meanwhile we present a general framework for approximation mechanism design without money for facility games

Multi-channel Transformers for Multi-articulatory Sign Language Translation

Sign languages use multiple asynchronous information channels (articulators), not just the hands but also the face and body, which computational approaches often ignore. In this paper we tackle the multi-articulatory sign language translation task and propose a novel multi-channel transformer architecture. The proposed architecture allows both the inter and intra contextual relationships between different sign articulators to be modelled within the transformer network itself, while also maintaining channel specific information. We evaluate our approach on the RWTH-PHOENIX-Weather-2014T dataset and report competitive translation performance. Importantly, we overcome the reliance on gloss annotations which underpin other state-of-the-art approaches, thereby removing future need for expensive curated datasets

Observed multivariable signals of late 20th and early 21st century volcanic activity

The relatively muted warming of the surface and lower troposphere since 1998 has attracted considerable attention. One contributory factor to this “warming hiatus” is an increase in volcanically induced cooling over the early 21st century. Here we identify the signals of late 20th and early 21st century volcanic activity in multiple observed climate variables. Volcanic signals are statistically discernible in spatial averages of tropical and near-global SST, tropospheric temperature, net clear-sky short-wave radiation, and atmospheric water vapor. Signals of late 20th and early 21st century volcanic eruptions are also detectable in near-global averages of rainfall. In tropical average rainfall, however, only a Pinatubo-caused drying signal is identifiable. Successful volcanic signal detection is critically dependent on removal of variability induced by the El Nino–Southern Oscillation.National Science Foundation (U.S.) (Grant AGS-1342810

Probing of InAs/AlSb double barrier heterostructures by ballistic electron emission spectroscopy

InAs/AlSb resonant tunneling heterostructures have been studied by ballistic electron emission spectroscopy. Current thresholds attributed to quasibound states in the quantum well and emission over the AlSb barriers are observed. The observed shape of thresholds is consistent with inelastic processes in the InAs layers of the structures, where a high number of electron–hole pairs are generated. A threshold consistent with the generation of electron–hole pairs in quantum well states is observed