REDES INTERORGANIZACIONALES. CASO DE AN\uc1LISIS: EMBUTIDOS ARICHUNA Y SUS CLIENTES

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Functional and structural social support, substance use and sexual orientation from a nationally representative sample of US adults

Background and AimsSexual minority (SM) populations experience higher rates of substance use disorder (SUD) associated with increased sexual orientation‐related stress. Social support may moderate the impact of stress on SUD among SM adults. This study assessed associations between social support and DSM‐5 SUD by sex and sexual minority identity.DesignCross‐sectional study using data from the 2012–13 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC‐III).Setting and participantsA nationally representative cross‐sectional sample of adults (n = 36 309) in the United States.MeasurementsSUD were defined based on the DSM‐5 criteria for alcohol use (AUD), tobacco use (TUD) and drug use (DUD) disorders. Structural social support was measured as the type and frequency of kin and non‐kin contact, and functional social support was measured by the Social Provision Scale.FindingsSM adults had higher odds of all SUD compared to heterosexual adults [AUD = 1.535, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.782–1.844; TUD = 1.512, 95% CI = 1.234–1.854; DUD = 1.520, 95% CI = 1.139–2.028]; SM women experienced the highest proportion of all SUD (AUD = 27.1%, TUD = 29.1%, DUD = 10.9%). Type of social support was differentially associated with SUD by sex and sexual identity status. Higher social provision was associated with lower rates of AUD [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 0.771, 95% CI = 0.705–0.844], TUD (aOR = 0.747, 95% CI = 0.694–0.804] and DUD (aOR = 0.558, 95% CI = 0.490–0.636). Marriage was associated with lower SUD among heterosexual men (AUD, aOR = 0.500, 95% CI = 0.432–0.579; TUD, aOR = 0.603, 95% CI = 0.521–0.699; DUD, aOR = 0.504, 95% CI = 0.369–0.689) and women (AUD, aOR = 0.637, 95% CI = 0.529–0.767; TUD = 0.0.584, 95% CI = 0.507–0.671; DUD, aOR = 0.515, 95% CI = 0.372–0.712). Compared to heterosexual adults, SM women with at least one child under the age of 18 years had higher odds of TUD (aOR = 1.990, 95% CI = 1.325–2.988). SM‐related discrimination was not associated with SUD among some SM subgroups, but discrimination among male heterosexually identifying individuals reporting same‐sex attraction or behavior was associated AUD (aOR = 4.608, 95% CI = 1.615–13.14).ConclusionsIn the United States there are significant associations between functional support (quality or provision of support) and structural support (type and frequency of social networks) and substance use disorder (SUD) which differ by sex and sexual identity status.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/154284/1/add14819.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/154284/2/add14819_am.pd

Initiation Sequence of E‐Cigarette and Cigarette Smoking among US Adolescents: A National Study

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/149688/1/ajad12886_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/149688/2/ajad12886.pd

Accurate Reproducing Kernel-Based Potential Energy Surfaces for the Triplet Ground States of N2_2O and Dynamics for the N+NO↔\leftrightarrowO+N2_2 and N2_2+O→\rightarrow2N+O Reactions

Accurate potential energy surfaces (PESs) have been determined for the $^3$A$'$ and $^3$A$''$ states of N$_2$O using electronic structure calculations at the multireference configuration interaction level with Davidson correction (MRCI+Q) and the augmented Dunning-type correlation consistent polarize triple zeta (aug-cc-pVTZ) basis set. More than 20000 MRCI+Q/aug-cc-pVTZ energies are represented using a reproducing kernel Hilbert space (RKHS) interpolation scheme. The RKHS PESs successfully describe all reactant channels with high accuracy. The analytical PESs are characterized by computing the minima and transition states on it. Quasiclassical dynamics simulations are then used to determine thermal and vibrational relaxation rates for the N+NO and O+N$_2$ collisions. The agreement between results obtained from the simulations and from available experiments is favourable for both types of observables, which provides a test for the accuracy of the PESs. The PESs can be used to calculate more detailed state-to-state observables relevant for applications to hypersonic reentry.Comment: 32 pages, 11 figure

Sports involvement, injury history, and non‐medical use of prescription opioids among college students: An analysis with a national sample

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/141733/1/ajad12657.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/141733/2/ajad12657_am.pd

The N(4S) + O2(X3Sigma) O(3P) + NO(X2Pi) reaction: thermal and vibrational relaxation rates for the 2A', 4A' and 2A'' states

The kinetics and vibrational relaxation of the N(4S) + O2(X3Sigma-g) O(3P) + NO(X2Pi) reaction is investigated over a wide temperature range based on quasiclassical trajectory simulations on 3-dimensional potential energy surfaces (PESs) for the lowest three electronic states. Reference energies at the multi reference configuration interaction level are represented as a reproducing kernel and the topology of the PESs is rationalized by analyzing the CASSCF wavefunction of the relevant states. The forward rate matches one measurement at 1575 K and is somewhat lower than the high-temperature measurement at 2880 K whereas for the reverse rate the computations are in good agreement for temperatures between 3000 and 4100 K. The temperature-dependent equilibrium rates are consistent with results from JANAF and CEA results. Vibrational relaxation rates for O + NO(nu = 1) O + NO(nu = 0) are consistent with a wide range of experiments. This process is dominated by the dynamics on the 2A' and 4A' surfaces which both contribute similarly up to temperatures T 3000 K, and it is found that vibrationally relaxing and non-relaxing trajectories probe different parts of the potential energy surface. The total cross section depending on the final vibrational state monotonically decreases which is consistent with early experiments and previous simulations but at variance with other recent experiments which reported an oscillatory cross section

Photodissociation Dynamics of N⁺₃

The photodissociation dynamics of N+3 excited from its (linear) 3Σ−g/(bent) 3A″ ground to the first excited singlet and triplet states is investigated. Three-dimensional potential energy surfaces for the 1A′, 1A″, and 3A′ electronic states, correlating with the 1Δg and 3Πu states in linear geometry, for N+3 are constructed using high-level electronic structure calculations and represented as reproducing kernels. The reference ab initio energies are calculated at the MRCI+Q/aug-cc-pVTZ level of theory. For following the photodissociation dynamics in the excited states, rotational and vibrational distributions P(v′) and P(j′) for the N2 product are determined from vertically excited ground state distributions. Due to the different shapes of the ground state 3A″ potential energy surface and the excited states, appreciable angular momentum j′ ∼ 60 is generated in diatomic fragments. The lifetimes in the excited states extend to at least 50 ps. Notably, results from sampling initial conditions from a thermal ensemble and from the Wigner distribution of the ground state wavefunction are comparable