Zigeuner / Roma im Film

‚Zigeuner‘ – das Wort bezeichnet ein Bild, ein Stereotyp, eine klischeeartige Vorstellung von ‚Anderssein‘. Diese Anderen können faszinierend oder bedrohlich oder beides sein. Solche Bilder sind das Material, aus dem Filme, vor allem beim Publikum erfolgreiche, in der Regel gemacht sind. Sie greifen dabei häufig auf bereits vorliegende Bilder, Stoffe und Motive (Kindsraub, Kriminalität, Nomadentum, Wahrsagerei und stereotype Beschreibungen des Aussehens) aus anderen, älteren Medien – Literatur, Oper, bildende Kunst – zurück. Das gilt etwa für die bekannteste aller Zigeunerinnen: Carmen. Diese von Mérimée (1820) über Bizet (1875), Peter Brook (1983), Francesco Rosi (1984) und Carlos Saura (1983/1991) meist als femme-fatale-Narrativ inszenierte Geschichte einer selbstbestimmten Frau enthielt von Anfang an alle Zutaten für einen dauerhaften internationalen Erfolg, die Verbindung von Text, Bild, Musik, Gesang und Tanz sorgte für größtmögliche intermediale Anschlussfähigkeit

Simultaneous growth and emission measurements demonstrate an interactive control of methanol release by leaf expansion and stomata

Emission from plants is a major source of atmospheric methanol. Growing tissues contribute most to plant-generated methanol in the atmosphere, but there is still controversy over biological and physico-chemical controls of methanol emission. Methanol as a water-soluble compound is thought to be strongly controlled by gas-phase diffusion (stomatal conductance), but growth rate can follow a different diurnal rhythm from that of stomatal conductance, and the extent to which the emission control is shared between diffusion and growth is unclear. Growth and methanol emissions from Gossypium hirsutum, Populus deltoides, and Fagus sylvatica were measured simultaneously. Methanol emission from growing leaves was several-fold higher than that from adult leaves. A pronounced diurnal rhythm of methanol emission was observed; however, this diurnal rhythm was not predominantly determined by the diurnal rhythm of leaf growth. Large methanol emission peaks in the morning when the stomata opened were observed in all species and were explained by release of methanol that had accumulated in the intercellular air space and leaf liquid pool at night in leaves with closed stomata. Cumulative daily methanol emissions were strongly correlated with the total daily leaf growth, but the diurnal rhythm of methanol emission was modified by growth rate and stomatal conductance in a complex manner. While in G. hirsutum and in F. sylvatica maxima in methanol emission and growth coincided, maximum growth rates of P. deltoides were observed at night, while maximum methanol emissions occurred in the morning. This interspecific variation was explained by differences in the share of emission control by growth processes, by stomatal conductance, and methanol solubilization in tissue water

Heat exposure affects jejunal tight junction remodeling independently of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase in 9-day-old broiler chicks

Dysfunction of the intestinal epithelial barrier under elevated temperatures is assumed to prompt pathological conditions and to eventually impede chickens' growth, resulting in massive economic losses in broiler industries. The aims of this research were to determine the impact of acute heat stress on the intestinal tight junction network of broiler chicks (Gallus domesticus L.) and to elucidate whether adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) was involved in the integrated response of the broiler's gastrointestinal tract to heat stress. A total of 80 9-day-old Arbor Acres chicks were subjected to temperature treatment (thermoneutral versus heat stress) and AMPK inhibition treatment (5 mg/kg body weight intraperitoneal injection of compound C vs. sham treatment) for 72 h. In addition to monitoring growth performance, the mRNA and protein levels of key tight junction proteins, target components of the AMPK pathway, and biomarkers of intestinal inflammation and oxidative stress were assessed in the jejunum under both stressors at 24 and 72 h. An increase of the major tight junction proteins, claudin-1 and zonula occludens-1, was implemented in response to an exacerbated expression of the AMP-activated protein kinase. Heat stress did not affect zootechnical performance but was confirmed by an increased gene expression of heat shock proteins 70 and 90 as well as heat shock factor-1. In addition, hyperthermia induced significant effects on tight junction proteins, although it was independent of AMPK.status: publishe