Spin conductivity in almost integrable spin chains

The spin conductivity in the integrable spin-1/2 XXZ-chain is known to be infinite at finite temperatures T for anisotropies -1 < Delta < 1. Perturbations which break integrability, e.g. a next-nearest neighbor coupling J', render the conductivity finite. We construct numerically a non-local conserved operator J_parallel which is responsible for the finite spin Drude weight of the integrable model and calculate its decay rate for small J'. This allows us to obtain a lower bound for the spin conductivity sigma_s >= c(T) / J'^2, where c(T) is finite for J' to 0. We discuss the implication of our result for the general question how non-local conservation laws affect transport properties.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figure

Mott transition of fermionic atoms in a three-dimensional optical trap

We study theoretically the Mott metal-insulator transition for a system of fermionic atoms confined in a three-dimensional optical lattice and a harmonic trap. We describe an inhomogeneous system of several thousand sites using an adaptation of dynamical mean field theory solved efficiently with the numerical renormalization group method. Above a critical value of the on-site interaction, a Mott-insulating phase appears in the system. We investigate signatures of the Mott phase in the density profile and in time-of-flight experiments.Comment: 4 pages and 5 figure

Metal-Insulator Transition of the LaAlO3-SrTiO3 Interface Electron System

We report on a metal-insulator transition in the LaAlO3-SrTiO3 interface electron system, of which the carrier density is tuned by an electric gate field. Below a critical carrier density n_c ranging from 0.5-1.5 * 10^13/cm^2, LaAlO3-SrTiO3 interfaces, forming drain-source channels in field-effect devices are non-ohmic. The differential resistance at zero channel bias diverges within a 2% variation of the carrier density. Above n_c, the conductivity of the ohmic channels has a metal-like temperature dependence, while below n_c conductivity sets in only above a threshold electric field. For a given thickness of the LaAlO3 layer, the conductivity follows a sigma_0 ~(n - n_c)/n_c characteristic. The metal-insulator transition is found to be distinct from that of the semiconductor 2D systems.Comment: 4 figure

Weak spin-orbit interactions induce exponentially flat mini-bands in magnetic metals without inversion symmetry

In metallic magnets like MnSi the interplay of two very weak spin-orbit coupling effects can strongly modify the Fermi surface. In the absence of inversion symmetry even a very small Dzyaloshinsky-Moriya interaction of strength delta<<1 distorts a ferromagnetic state into a chiral helix with a long pitch of order 1/delta. We show that additional small spin-orbit coupling terms of order delta in the band structure lead to the formation of exponentially flat minibands with a bandwidth of order exp(-1/sqrt(delta)) parallel to the direction of the helix. These flat minibands cover a rather broad belt of width sqrt(delta) on the Fermi surface where electron motion parallel to the helix practically stops. We argue that these peculiar band-structure effects lead to pronounced features in the anomalous skin effect.Comment: 7 pages, minor corrections, references adde

Kondo proximity effect: How does a metal penetrate into a Mott insulator?

We consider a heterostructure of a metal and a paramagnetic Mott insulator using an adaptation of dynamical mean field theory to describe inhomogeneous systems. The metal can penetrate into the insulator via the Kondo effect. We investigate the scaling properties of the metal-insulator interface close to the critical point of the Mott insulator. At criticality, the quasiparticle weight decays as 1/x^2 with distance x from the metal within our mean field theory. Our numerical results (using the numerical renormalization group as an impurity solver) show that the prefactor of this power law is extremely small.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure

Interplay of disorder and spin fluctuations in the resistivity near a quantum critical point

The resistivity in metals near an antiferromagnetic quantum critical point (QCP) is strongly affected by small amounts of disorder. In a quasi-classical treatment, we show that an interplay of strongly anisotropic scattering due to spin fluctuations and isotropic impurity scattering leads to a large regime where the resistivity varies as T^alpha, with an anomalous exponent, alpha, 1 <= alpha <= 1.5, depending on the amount of disorder. I argue that this mechanism explains in some detail the anomalous temperature dependence of the resistivity observed in CePd_2Si_2, CeNi_2Ge_2 and CeIn_3 near the QCP.Comment: 4 pages, 4 eps figures, published version, only small change

Violation of the Luttinger sum rule within the Hubbard model on a triangular lattice

The frequency-moment expansion method is developed to analyze the validity of the Luttinger sum rule within the Mott-Hubbard insulator, as represented by the generalized Hubbard model at half filling and large $U$. For the particular case of the Hubbard model with nearest-neighbor hopping on a triangular lattice lacking the particle-hole symmetry results reveal substantial violation of the sum rule.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figure

Thermal Conductivity of Spin-1/2 Chains

We study the low-temperature transport properties of clean one-dimensional spin-1/2 chains coupled to phonons. Due to the presence of approximate conservation laws, the heat current decays very slowly giving rise to an exponentially large heat conductivity, $\kappa ~ e^{T^*/T}$. As a result of an interplay of Umklapp scattering and spinon-phonon coupling, the characteristic energy scale $T^*$ turns out to be of order $\Theta_D/2$, where $\Theta_D$ is the Debye energy, rather than the magnetic exchange interaction $J$ -- in agreement with recent measurements in SrCuO compounds. A large magnetic field strongly affects the heat transport by two distinct mechanisms. First, it induces a LINEAR spinon--phonon coupling, which alters the nature of the $T -> 0$ fixed point: the elementary excitations of the system are COMPOSITE SPINON-PHONON objects. Second, the change of the magnetization and the corresponding change of the wave vector of the spinons strongly affects the way in which various Umklapp processes can relax the heat current, leading to a characteristic fractal--like spiky behavior of $\kappa$ when plotted as a function of magnetization at fixed T.Comment: 16 pages, RevTex4, 2 figures included; revised refs. and some useful comments on experimental relevance. On July 12 2005, added an appendix correcting an error in the form of the phonon propagator. The main result is unchange

Nonequilibrium Singlet-Triplet Kondo Effect in Carbon Nanotubes

The Kondo-effect is a many-body phenomenon arising due to conduction electrons scattering off a localized spin. Coherent spin-flip scattering off such a quantum impurity correlates the conduction electrons and at low temperature this leads to a zero-bias conductance anomaly. This has become a common signature in bias-spectroscopy of single-electron transistors, observed in GaAs quantum dots as well as in various single-molecule transistors. While the zero-bias Kondo effect is well established it remains uncertain to what extent Kondo correlations persist in non-equilibrium situations where inelastic processes induce decoherence. Here we report on a pronounced conductance peak observed at finite bias-voltage in a carbon nanotube quantum dot in the spin singlet ground state. We explain this finite-bias conductance anomaly by a nonequilibrium Kondo-effect involving excitations into a spin triplet state. Excellent agreement between calculated and measured nonlinear conductance is obtained, thus strongly supporting the correlated nature of this nonequilibrium resonance.Comment: 21 pages, 5 figure

Kondo decoherence: finding the right spin model for iron impurities in gold and silver

We exploit the decoherence of electrons due to magnetic impurities, studied via weak localization, to resolve a longstanding question concerning the classic Kondo systems of Fe impurities in the noble metals gold and silver: which Kondo-type model yields a realistic description of the relevant multiple bands, spin and orbital degrees of freedom? Previous studies suggest a fully screened spin $S$ Kondo model, but the value of $S$ remained ambiguous. We perform density functional theory calculations that suggest $S = 3/2$. We also compare previous and new measurements of both the resistivity and decoherence rate in quasi 1-dimensional wires to numerical renormalization group predictions for $S=1/2,1$ and 3/2, finding excellent agreement for $S=3/2$.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, shortened for PR