Full-scale measurement and analysis of train slipstreams and wakes. Part 1: Ensemble averages

This paper describes a series of extensive and unique full-scale measurements of the slipstreams of trains of various types that were carried out as part of the EU-sponsored AeroTRAIN project, together with the analysis of the experimental data. These experiments were carried out with the fundamental aim of seeking to reduce the complexity of the current technical specifications for interoperability (TSI) testing methodology. Experimental sites in Spain and Germany were used, for a range of different train types - high-speed single-unit trains, high-speed double-unit trains, conventional passenger units and locomotive/coach combinations. The data that was obtained was supplemented by other data from previous projects. The analysis primarily involved a study of the ensemble averages of the slipstream velocities, measured both at trackside and above platforms. The differences between the flows around different train types were elucidated, and the effect of platforms on slipstream behaviour described. A brief analysis of the effects of crosswinds on slipstream behaviour was also carried out. Through a detailed analysis of slipstream velocity components, the detailed nature of the flow around the nose and in the near wake of the train was investigated, again revealing differences in flow pattern between different trains. Significant similarity in the far wake flows was revealed. These fundamental results form the basis for the detailed discussion of the proposed TSI methodology that will be presented in Part 2 of this paper. Overall the results enable the nature of the flow field around trains to be understood in far greater detail than before, and also allow the developments of a revised TSI methodology which is more efficient than current practice. © IMechE 2013 Reprints and permissions: sagepub.co.uk/journalsPermissions.nav

TOFLOX synthesizer study Final report, May 27, 1965 - Jan. 31, 1966

Technical and inventory data for operation and maintenance of equipment for production of trioxygen difluoride in liquid oxyge

Immune reconstitution in pediatric patients following hematopoietic cell transplant for non-malignant disorders

Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) is curative for pediatric patients with non-malignant hematopoietic disorders, including hemoglobinopathies, bone marrow failure syndromes, and primary immunodeficiencies. Early establishment of donor-derived innate and adaptive immunity following HCT is associated with improved overall survival, lower risk of infections and decreased incidence of graft failure. Immune reconstitution (IR) is impacted by numerous clinical variables including primary disease, donor characteristics, conditioning regimen, and graft versus host disease (GVHD). Recent advancements in HCT have been directed at reducing toxicity of conditioning therapy, expanding donor availability through use of alternative donor sources, and addressing morbidity from GVHD with novel graft manipulation. These novel transplant approaches impact the kinetics of immune recovery, which influence post-transplant outcomes. Here we review immune reconstitution in pediatric patients undergoing HCT for non-malignant disorders. We explore the transplant-associated factors that influence immunologic recovery and the disease-specific associations between IR and transplant outcomes

Análise econômico-financeira da produção de carvão vegetal no Rio Grande do Sul.

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The Effect of Postgraduate Students’ Academic Cheating in Higher Learning Institutions in Tanzania: Implications and Lessons

Maintaining academic integrity in higher learning institutions is very important. This is because academic cheating had many effects on students, teachers, individual schools, and the education system at large. The paper investigated the effect of postgraduate students’ academic cheating in higher learning institutions in Tanzania with a focus on the implications and lessons. The participants involved postgraduate students (master’s degree students) from four universities in two-degree programmes, namely; education and social sciences. Data were collected through focus group discussions. The results show that academic cheating results in incompetent postgraduates, discontinuation from studies, loss of academic credibility and integrity, tarnishing the image of a university, and presence of dishonest employees. If immediate measures are not taken to stop the problem of cheating among postgraduate students, students graduating from postgraduate programmes and their respective higher learning institutions will no longer be trusted by the society. Therefore, this study recommends that a holistic approach should be employed by different parties, including faculty members, students and education stake holders to end this problem so as to maintain the quality of education offered by higher learning institutions. Keywords: Academic cheating, effects, postgraduate students, higher learning institutions, Tanzania DOI: 10.7176/JEP/11-24-10 Publication date:August 31st 2020

Enhancement of ferromagnetism by nickel doping in the 112 cobaltite EuBaCo2O5.50

The study of the ordered oxygen deficient perovskite EuBaCo2-xNixO5.50 shows that the doping of cobalt sites by nickel induces a strong ferromagnetic component at low temperature in the antiferromagnetic matrix of EuBaCo2O5.50. This system exhibits indeed phase separation, i.e. consists of ferromagnetic domains embedded in the antiferromagnetic matrix of EuBaCo2O5.50. Besides, a magnetic transition is observed for the first time at 40K in the undoped and nickel doped phases, which can be attributed to the ferromagnetic ordering of the Eu3+ moments below this temperature. Moreover sharp ultra magnetization multisteps are observed below 5K, characteristic of motion of domain walls in a strong pinning system and very different from any metamagnetic transition

Influence of the gas composition on the efficiency of ammonia stripping of biogas digestate

AbstractImpact of strip gas composition on side stream ammonia stripping, a technology aiming at the reduction of high ammonia levels in anaerobic reactors, was investigated. Evaluation of the effect of oxygen contact during air stripping showed a distinct, though lower than perceived, inhibition of anaerobic microflora. To circumvent, the feasibility and possible constraints of biogas and flue gas as alternatives in side stream stripping were studied. Experiments, with ammonia bicarbonate model solution and digestate, were conducted. It was demonstrated that the stripping performance is negatively correlated to the CO2 level in the strip gas with a progressive performance loss towards higher concentrations. In contrast to biogas with its high CO2 content, the efficiency reduction observed for flue gas was significantly less pronounced. The later provides the additional benefit that its high thermal energy can be re-utilized in the stripping unit and it is therefore considered a viable alternative for air

The cerebellar vermis robustly modulates neural activity in the inferior colliculus

To survive in an ever-changing world, animals need to rapidly detect and appropriately respond to external stimuli. In the auditory system, the inferior colliculus (IC) is well-positioned as an obligatory auditory hub involved with making acousticomotor responses to initiate these behavioral responses to auditory stimuli. However, it is not well understood how the relevant contextual information needed to detect and respond appropriately to stimuli is conveyed. In this thesis, I investigate the cerebellar vermis as one possible source of this contextual information. My experiments revealed that optogenetic stimulation of the cerebellar vermis robustly modulates the majority of neurons throughout IC in awake mice head-fixed on a treadmill. Because I was to monitor the movement of the treadmill, I also found that vermis stimulation produces a similar behavioral response as auditory stimuli, and that vermis evoked activity in the IC is in part related to this motor response. Furthermore, my results show that animal running modulates IC activity by reducing auditory and vermis responses, while increasing spontaneous activity

Comorbid Medical Conditions as Predictors of Overall Survival in Glioblastoma Patients

Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive central nervous system tumor with a poor prognosis. This study was conducted to determine any comorbid medical conditions that are associated with survival in GBM. Data were collected from medical records of all patients who presented to VCU Medical Center with GBM between January 2005 and February 2015. Patients who underwent surgery/biopsy were considered for inclusion. Cox proportional hazards regression modeling was performed to assess the relationship between survival and sex, race, and comorbid medical conditions. 163 patients met inclusion criteria. Comorbidities associated with survival on individual-characteristic analysis included: history of asthma (Hazard Ratio [HR]: 2.63; 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 1.24–5.58; p = 0.01), hypercholesterolemia (HR: 1.95; 95% CI: 1.09–3.50; p = 0.02), and incontinence (HR: 2.29; 95% CI: 0.95–5.57; p = 0.07). History of asthma (HR: 2.22; 95% CI: 1.02–4.83; p = 0.04) and hypercholesterolemia (HR: 1.99; 95% CI: 1.11–3.56; p = 0.02) were associated with shorter survival on multivariable analysis. Surgical patients with GBM who had a prior history of asthma or hypercholesterolemia had significantly higher relative risk for mortality on individual-characteristic and multivariable analyses