Solid state bistable power switch

Tin and copper provide high current and switching time capabilities for high-current resettable fuses. They show the best performance for trip current and degree of reliability, and have low coefficients of thermal expansion

Solid state bistable power switch study

Feasibility of transforming solid state switches into high current resettable fuse

A random walk model of wave propagation

This paper shows that a reasonably accurate description of propagation loss in small urban cells can be obtained with a simple stochastic model based on the theory of random walks, that accounts for only two parameters: the amount of clutter and the amount of absorption in the environment. Despite the simplifications of the model, the derived analytical solution correctly describes the smooth transition of power attenuation from an inverse square law with the distance to the transmitter, to an exponential attenuation as this distance is increased - as it is observed in practice. Our analysis suggests using a simple exponential path loss formula as an alternative to the empirical formulas that are often used for prediction. Results are validated by comparison with experimental data collected in a small urban cell

The molecular structure of isocyanic acid from microwave and infra-red absorption spectra

Experimental investigations of the infra-red and microwave spectra of the slightly asymmetric rotor, HNCO, have been made, and the structure of the molecule has been determined

No Seat at the Water Table: Colorado\u27s New Groundwater Basin Statute Leaves Senior Surface Rights in the Lurch

Wells that pump water from underground aquifers deplete water flowing in nearby rivers and streams. Colorado farmers in certain parts of the state use wells to pump large quantities of underground water for irrigation. However, other users who had pre-existing surface-water rights on nearby streams have complained that these wells drain the river and injure their prior vested water rights. Normally, surface water users with prior rights can require more junior users to stop appropriating until the senior user has diverted her full right. However, Colorado presumes that wells in certain districts-called designated basins-do not injure nearby surface streams. Still, to balance the rights of groundwater and surface water users, Colorado statutes for many decades have permitted surface water users to rebut this presumption, arguing that designated basin wells do in fact impact nearby surface streams, and thus that the state should redraw the boundaries of a designated basin to exclude misclassified wells. Those procedural protections were swept away when, in 2010, the Colorado legislature passed Senate Bill 52. That measure essentially prevents surface water users from bringing an action to de-designate a basin or to exclude particular wells from a designated basin. This Comment argues that Senate Bill 52 disrupts the balance between groundwater and surface water users at a time when the lagged effects of well pumping are depleting some surface streams. This Comment maintains that Senate Bill 52 is not only bad policy, but that it violates the Colorado Constitution\u27s Prior Appropriation Clause and the United States Constitution\u27s Due Process Clause. The Colorado Supreme Court should overturn Senate Bill 52 or the state legislature should repeal it. However, the Comment concludes that, instead of simply reverting to the previous scheme, the legislature should enact a more balanced approach modeled on recent conjunctive use legislation that has proven effective in other parts of the state

Elimination of coherent noise in a coherent light imaging system

Optical imaging systems using coherent light introduce objectionable noise into the output image plane. Dust and bubbles on and in lenses cause most of the noise in the output image. This noise usually appears as bull's-eye diffraction patterns in the image. By rotating the lens about the optical axis these diffraction patterns can be essentially eliminated. The technique does not destroy the spatial coherence of the light and permits spatial filtering of the input plane

Plasma-Like Negative Capacitance in Nano-Colloids

A negative capacitance has been observed in a nano-colloid between 0.1 and 10^-5 Hz. The response is linear over a broad range of conditions. The low-omega dispersions of both the resistance and capacitance are consistent with the free-carrier plasma model, while the transient behavior demonstrates an unusual energy storage mechanism. A collective excitation, therefore, is suggested.Comment: 3 pages, 3 figure