Comparison of the arrhythmogenicity of acepromazine, xylazine and their combination in pentobarbital-anesthetized rats

Preanesthetic medications are often used in combination with injectable anesthetics in a variety of laboratory animal species. Simultaneous administration of sedative drugs, such as alpha2-adrenergic agonists and phenothiazines, provides muscle relaxation and reduces induction doses of anesthetic agents. However, these drugs may have significant cardiovascular and arrythmogenic effects which may contribute to anesthetic morbidity and mortality (Dyson et al., 1998).Results of previous reports indicate that xylazine, an alpha2-adrenergic agonist, may sensitize the myocardium to epinephrine in dogs anesthetized with halothane (Muir et al., 1975; Tranquilli et al., 1986), isoflurane (Tranquilli et al., 1988) and ketamine (Wright et al., 1987); whereas, acepromazine, a phenothiazine tranquilizer, possessed a protective action against catecholamine-induced arrhythmia in dogs anesthetized with halothane (Muir et al., 1975; Dyson & Pettifer, 1997). The male rat has been used as an animal model to determine the arrhythmic doses of epinephrine during halothane and isoflurane anesthesia (Laster et al., 1990). Rats are commonly used for scientific research and may be anesthetized using injectable or inhalant anesthetic agents for a variety of surgical procedures (Flecknell, 2009); however, injectable anesthetics are commonly preferred in a laboratory setting.Pentobarbital, as a short acting barbiturate anesthetic, is used for short surgical procedures in rats. It is rapidly absorbed following intraperitoneal administration and provide anesthesia for up to 60 min in the rat (Flecknell, 2009).The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of clinical doses of acepromazine, xylazine and their combination on the occurrence of epinephrine induced arrhythmia in rats under pentobarbital anesthesia

Case Reports- Isolated lingual leishmaniasis

Cutaneous leishmaniasis is endemic in Fars Province, southern Iran. However, mucosal leishmaniasis is extremely uncommon. Herein, we report a patient with isolated lingual leishmaniasis in an immunocompetent 40-year-old man. The lesion was totally excised. The patient was cured completely and is doing well after four years of follow-up, with no medical treatmen

The effect of Isoproterenol on protein electrophoretic pattern of rabbit salivary glands

Abstract: Isoproterenol is a potent ?-adrenergic agonist which its effect on rabbit salivary glands has been studied in this research. Two groups of male albino rabbits (Five in each group with the mean weight of 1000±300 gr) were injected with 20 mg/kg of isoproterenol intrapritoneally each day for fifteen days and one similar group (n=5) was chosen as control group. In one of the test groups in addition to normal diet (Dry food) animals were fed by liquid diet. Increase in the weight of parotid salivary gland was five folds in test groups as compared to control group (P<0.01). Also, twelve folds increase in total protein content of the gland was observed in test groups as compared to control group (P<0.01). The increase in submandibular gland weight was significant but not as much as that in parotid gland (P<0.01). The total protein of submandibular glands of those experimental animals which were fed with solid diet was 2.5 folds as compared to control group (P<0.01). The total protein of the other test group fed with liquid diet showed a non-significant increase in comparison to control group. The increase in submandibular gland weight was significant in this group compared to control group (P<0.01). Regarding sublingual gland, there was just significant increase in weight of gland in the solid diet group (P<0.01). However, the increase in total protein content of sublingual glands of experimental groups was not significant compared to control group. Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Polyacrylamide gel Electrophoresis of parotid gland revealed protein bands with molecular weights of about 14, 44, 58, 96 and 98 KD in experimental groups compated to control group. Electrophoretic pattern of submandibular gland of test groups showed protein bands with 20.KD which probably is a kind of Proline-rich proteins. Since isoproterenol was not effective on sublingual gland, significant difference in its electrophoretic pattern was not observed. Keywords: Isoproterenol, Salivary gland, Proline-rich protein, Rabbi

Case Report - Isolated Lingual Leishmaniasis

Cutaneous leishmaniasis is endemic in Fars Province, southern Iran. However, mucosal leishmaniasis is extremely uncommon. Herein, we report a patient with isolated lingual leishmaniasis in an immunocompetent 40-year-old man. The lesion was totally excised. The patient was cured completely and is doing well after four years of follow-up, with no medical treatmen

The effect of thirteen plants on Arginase, Creatine kinase, Amylase and Lipase activities of the serum in diabetic rats

Abstract: Many traditional plants are used for treatment of diabetes throughout the world as adjuncts to conventional therapy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of thirteen different plants on arginase, creatin kinase, amylase and lipase activities in serum of diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced in 70 adult male albino rats by intrapritoneal injection of 175 mg/kg body weight of alloxan. Rats were divided into 14 groups. Thirteen of which consumed a complex of normal pelletes diet supplemented with the amounts, equal to 6.25% of their weight with different plants including coriander, walnut leaf, fenugreek, garlic, celery, coriander seed, pomegrenate, lemon, madder, poly-germander, carrot, onion and fumotory for 15 days. An additional group which was diabetic but received no plant diet, was selected as the positive control, and a healthy group was chosen as the negative control. The enzyme activities of the above sera was measured and the results were as follow. No significant difference in arginase or creatine kinase activities were observed among the negative, positive and experimental groups. Amylase activity was significantly lower in positive control group compared to the negative control. The amylase activity in groups which received garlic and carrot was also significantly higher than the positive control (P<0.05). Lipase activity was significantly increased in the positive control compared to the negative control. This activity was significantly decreased in group which received garlic. Keywords: Diabetes, Herbal medicine, Amylase, Creatine kinase, Lipase, Arginase, Ra

Effect of and as probiotic on decreased absorption of cadmium in rat

Cadmium is a wide-spread heavy metal that causes a wide range of health problems in animals and humans. Many reports showed the biosorption of heavy metals by bacteria. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the potency of probiotics bacteria of Lactobacillus plantarum and Bacillus coagulans against cadmium adsorption in rats. Twenty four male adult Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups. Cadmium treated groups received 1 ml of 100 µg/ml CdCl2 and probiotics groups were administrated 1 ml of (109 CFU/ml) of probiotics during 24 days by special gavage needle once daily. Levels of cadmium were determined by using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Probiotics B. coagulans and L. plantarum caused 29.8% and 19.3% increasing in removal of cadmium through defecation and decreased 10.9 and 21.5 % of cadmium accumulation in kidney of Wistar rats. The results showed that oral administration of both probiotics offered a significant protective effect against cadmium adsorption in rats

The prevalence of iron deficiency anemia (IDA) in female students of Zahedan

325 female students of Zahedan at the average age of 16.2 years old (16-22) were randomly selected to study the prevalence of iron deficiency anemia. Hb, hematocrit, MCV, MCHC, iron, TIBC and ferritin were measured. Results showed that in the population studied 3.4%, 27.7%, 4.3%, 11.7%, 25.5%, 11.4% had their Hb, MCV, serum iron, tranferrin saturation, ferritin respectively below the WHO standards. The correlation coefficient between Hb, MCV and hematocrit, serum iron was r=0.54, P&amp;lt;0.00001, r=0.38, P&amp;lt;0.00001 respectively. Also the correlation coefficient between transferring saturation, serum iron and ferrin was r=0.94, P&amp;lt;0.00001, r=0.31, P&amp;lt;0.00001 respectively. Our study shows that hematological and biochemical markers of iron status of the young Zahedan girls at puberty are lower than WHO standards and these girls might be at risk of iron deficiency anemia