Morphology of rain water channelization in systematically varied model sandy soils

We visualize the formation of fingered flow in dry model sandy soils under different raining conditions using a quasi-2d experimental set-up, and systematically determine the impact of soil grain diameter and surface wetting property on water channelization phenomenon. The model sandy soils we use are random closely-packed glass beads with varied diameters and surface treatments. For hydrophilic sandy soils, our experiments show that rain water infiltrates into a shallow top layer of soil and creates a horizontal water wetting front that grows downward homogeneously until instabilities occur to form fingered flows. For hydrophobic sandy soils, in contrast, we observe that rain water ponds on the top of soil surface until the hydraulic pressure is strong enough to overcome the capillary repellency of soil and create narrow water channels that penetrate the soil packing. Varying the raindrop impinging speed has little influence on water channel formation. However, varying the rain rate causes significant changes in water infiltration depth, water channel width, and water channel separation. At a fixed raining condition, we combine the effects of grain diameter and surface hydrophobicity into a single parameter and determine its influence on water infiltration depth, water channel width, and water channel separation. We also demonstrate the efficiency of several soil water improvement methods that relate to rain water channelization phenomenon, including pre-wetting sandy soils at different level before rainfall, modifying soil surface flatness, and applying superabsorbent hydrogel particles as soil modifiers

BELIEFS ABOUT ILLNESS AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP WITH HOPELESSNESS, DEPRESSION, INSIGHT AND SUICIDE ATTEMPTS IN SCHIZOPHRENIA

Background: Although the negative appraisals of the illness may be related to suicidal thinking and behaviours in schizophrenia, this has been insufficiently studied. The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between schizophrenic patients\u27 cognitions about their illness and past suicidal behaviours. The relationship between patients\u27 beliefs about their illness with potential mediators of suicidal behaviours such as depressive symptoms, hopelessness and insight was also investigated. Subjects and methods: A group of 60 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia according to ICD-10 criteria belonging to a followup study were assessed one year after their last psychiatric admission. Psychopathological variables were assessed by the Calgary Depression Scale, Beck Hopelessness Scale and the first three items of the Scale to Assess Unawareness of Mental Disorder. The appraisals of the illness were assessed by the Personal Beliefs about Illness Questionnaire. Results: Negative appraisals were associated with hopelessness and depressive symptoms. Negative expectations and stigma showed the strongest associations. Contrary to our expectations, this scale was not able to differentiate between patients with and without past suicidal behaviour. Conclusions: Negative appraisals of the illness in patients with schizophrenia seem to have psychopathological consequences such as greater hopelessness and depression. Since these psychopathological features are linked to suicidal risk, the psychotherapeutic approach counteracting negative beliefs about the illness may reduce the risk of suicide

Lattice specific heat for the RMIn5_5 (R = Gd, La, Y, M = Co, Rh) compounds: non-magnetic contribution subtraction

We analyze theoretically a common experimental process used to obtain the magnetic contribution to the specific heat of a given magnetic material. In the procedure, the specific heat of a non-magnetic analog is measured and used to subtract the non-magnetic contributions, which are generally dominated by the lattice degrees of freedom in a wide range of temperatures. We calculate the lattice contribution to the specific heat for the magnetic compounds GdMIn$_5$ (M = Co, Rh) and for the non-magnetic YMIn$_5$ and LaMIn$_5$ (M = Co, Rh), using density functional theory based methods. We find that the best non-magnetic analog for the subtraction depends on the magnetic material and on the range of temperatures. While the phonon specific heat contribution of YRhIn$_5$ is an excellent approximation to the one of GdCoIn$_5$ in the full temperature range, for GdRhIn$_5$ we find a better agreement with LaCoIn$_5$, in both cases, as a result of an optimum compensation effect between masses and volumes. We present measurements of the specific heat of the compounds GdMIn$_5$ (M = Co, Rh) up to room temperature where it surpasses the value expected from the Dulong-Petit law. We obtain a good agreement between theory and experiment when we include anharmonic effects in the calculations

Formulación de un modelo de urbanización sustentable en la cuenca superior del Río Grande San Luis

En este trabajo se presenta una metodología de análisis y clasificación para la valoración de geopotencial de la Cuenca Superior del Río Grande, La Carolina, San Luis, Argentina. La información fue volcada en un mapa de geopotenciales. En la zona se establecieron 40 unidades de geopotencial, las que se transforman en 3 áreas de Calidad Ambiental, simplificando de esta manera la información ambiental y su representación gráfica en el mapa de geopotenciales de alteración para futuras urbanizaciones. Podemos inferir que las zonas con un 90% de riesgo potencial son tres, dos al oriente de la cuenca y una en el centro norte de la misma. La zona de alto riesgo al NE de la cuenca esta asociado a los Cerros Mellizos y Tomolasta. La zona de alto riesgo ubicada al NW, en la cuenca media alta se encuentra relacionada a la confluencia del los ríos Invernada y La Carolina, pudiendo determinar que la potencialidad de deslizamiento esta proporcionada en especial por a la baja resistencia al corte de las rocas (ocasionada por los lineamientos tectónicos). Las zonas con un 60% de riesgo potencial de deslizamientos se encuentran distribuidas en toda la cuenca, en especial las relacionadas con las vertientes de los Cerros. Estas unidades geopotenciales son un instrumento que sir ve como soporte para lograr que la normativa ambiental sea más ajustada a la realidad.Fil: Ayala, R. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; Argentina.Fil: Cejas, G. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; Argentina.Fil: Paredes, R. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; Argentina.Fil: Dogliani, J. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; Argentina.Fil: Rubín, D. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; Argentina.Ciencias Medioambientales (los aspectos sociales van en 5.7 "Geografía Económica y Social

Phenotypic and molecular characterization of Phaseolus vulgaris plants from non-cryopreserved and cryopreserved seeds

The objective of this work was to evaluate if cryostorage of Phaseolus vulgaris L. seeds induced variations in regenerated plants at the phenotypic and molecular levels. A series of agricultural traits was measured on plants grown from control, non-cryopreserved and cryopreserved seeds, and the genetic stability of plants of the second generation was analysed at selected microsatellite loci. The phenotype of the second generation plants was evaluated as well. No statistically significant phenotypic differences were observed for the parameters measured, neither in the first nor in the second generations. Averaging both treatments, about 76% of the seeds had germinated 10 days after sowing. At harvest we recorded plants with about 73 cm in height, 13 stem internodes, 25 fruits, 103 grains and 4 grains per fruit. One hundred seeds weighted about 26 g. The genetic analyses performed on the second generation plants using six nuclear Simple Sequences Repeats (SSR) markers revealed no changes in microsatellite length between control and cryopreserved samples, implying that there was no effect of seed liquid nitrogen exposure on genome integrity. The phenotypic and molecular results reported here confirm that cryostorage is an efficient and reliable technique to conserve P. vulgaris seeds and regenerate true-to-type plants

Detección coherente en modulación de producto con recuperación de portadora a partir de la segunda armónica

En el presente trabajo se analiza un proceso MoDem (modulación-demodulación) por producto. Como aspecto fundamental se plantea la detección sincrónica (o coherente) de la señal modulada utilizando la recuperación de la portadora a partir de la misma onda modulada. Esto se logra pasando la señal por un dispositivo no lineal y recuperando la segunda armónica de la portadora en fase con la original de la modulación, obteniendo la fundamental por división y filtrado, para luego ser reinyectada y completar la demodulación.Fil: Danizio, Pedro E. Universidad Tecnológica Nacional Facultad Regional Córdoba; Argentina.Fil: Danizio, Eduardo R. Universidad Tecnológica Nacional Facultad Regional Córdoba; Argentina.Fil: Menso, Eduardo J. Universidad Tecnológica Nacional Facultad Regional Córdoba; Argentina.Fil: Danizio, Alejandro D. Universidad Tecnológica Nacional Facultad Regional Córdoba; Argentina.Fil: Cejas, Marcelo O. Universidad Tecnológica Nacional Facultad Regional Villa María; Argentina.Peer Reviewe

Detección Coherente en Modulación de Producto con Recuperación de Portadora a partir de la Segunda Armónica

En el presente trabajo se analiza un proceso MoDem (modulación-demodulación) por producto. Como aspecto fundamental se plantea la detección sincrónica (o coherente) de la señal modulada utilizando la recuperación de la portadora a partir de la misma onda modulada. Esto se logra pasando la señal por un dispositivo no lineal y recuperando la segunda armónica de la portadora en fase con la original de la modulación, obteniendo la fundamental por división y filtrado, para luego ser reinyectada y completar la demodulación