Genomic, Pathway Network, and Immunologic Features Distinguishing Squamous Carcinomas

This integrated, multiplatform PanCancer Atlas study co-mapped and identified distinguishing molecular features of squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) from five sites associated with smokin

Spatial Organization and Molecular Correlation of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes Using Deep Learning on Pathology Images

Beyond sample curation and basic pathologic characterization, the digitized H&E-stained images of TCGA samples remain underutilized. To highlight this resource, we present mappings of tumorinfiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) based on H&E images from 13 TCGA tumor types. These TIL maps are derived through computational staining using a convolutional neural network trained to classify patches of images. Affinity propagation revealed local spatial structure in TIL patterns and correlation with overall survival. TIL map structural patterns were grouped using standard histopathological parameters. These patterns are enriched in particular T cell subpopulations derived from molecular measures. TIL densities and spatial structure were differentially enriched among tumor types, immune subtypes, and tumor molecular subtypes, implying that spatial infiltrate state could reflect particular tumor cell aberration states. Obtaining spatial lymphocytic patterns linked to the rich genomic characterization of TCGA samples demonstrates one use for the TCGA image archives with insights into the tumor-immune microenvironment

CHEMICAL CONTROL OF THE REDBAY AMBROSIA BEETLE, XYLEBORUS GLABRATUS, AND OTHER SCOLYTINAE (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE)

A BSTRACT The redbay ambrosia beetle (RAB), Xyleborus glabratus Eichhoff (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), is an adventive pest of Lauraceae in the southeastern U.S. This wood-boring insect vectors a lethal fungus, Raffaelea lauricola T. C. Harr., Fraedrich & Aghayeva , the causal agent of laurel wilt (LW) disease. The vector-pathogen complex is responsible for extensive mortality of native Persea trees in South Carolina, Georgia, and northern Florida, and now poses an imminent threat to the avocado ( Persea americana Mill.) industry in south Florida. While chemical control of the vector is not viewed as the primary solution, control tactics should be made available to Florida avocado growers. Field and laboratory tests were conducted using avocado bolts, potted avocado trees, and field grown swampbay trees ( Persea palustris (Raf.) Sarg.) treated with contact and systemic insecticides. Zeta-cypermethrin + bifenthrin and lambda-cyhalothrin + thiamethoxam provided the most consistent control of Scolytinae as contact insecticides, while methomyl, malathion, bifenthrin, and endosulfan were more variable in effectiveness. Avocado trees treated with fenpropathrin, cryolite Na Al fluoride, and lambda-cyhalothrin+thiametoxam had similar numbers of beetle entrance holes on treated trees as on the untreated control trees. No statistical differences were observed in disease severity on treated versus non-treated avocados or swampbay. Linear regressions between the number of RAB entrance holes per tree ( x) and LW disease severity ( y a ) and between RAB entrance holes per tree ( x) and recovery of R. lauricola ( y b ) were both significant. Key Words: Redbay ambrosia beetle, avocado, Persea , Xyleborus , Xylosandrus , Hypothenemus , chemical control R ESUMEN El cucarroncito de ambrosia del laurel, Xyleborus glabratus Eichhoff (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), es una plaga exótica de la familia Lauraceae que ha invadido el suroriente de los Estados Unidos. Este insecto barrenador es el vector del hongo, Raffaelea lauricola T.C. Harr., Fraedrich & Aghayeva, agente causal de la enfermedad del secamiento del laurel. El complejo vector-patógeno es responsable de una extensa mortalidad de arboles nativos del genero Persea en Carolina del Sur, Georgia y en el norte de Florida y representa una amenaza inminente para la industria del aguacate ( Persea americana Mill.) de Florida. Aunque el control químico no es la única solución a este problema, se estima que este tipo de opción de tác-ticas se debe ofrecer a los productores de aguacate. Se condujeron experimentos tanto en campo como en laboratorio utilizando troncos de aguacate, arboles de aguacate y arboles del laurel de la ciénaga ( P. palustris (Raf.) Sarg.), los cuales se trataron con insecticidas de contacto y sistémicos. En general, zetaciypermetrina + bifenthrina y lambda-cyalotrina + tiametoxam dieron un control consistente de los Scolytinae como insecticidas de contacto, mientras que metomíl, malatión y bifentrina y endosulfan dieron resultados variables. No hubo diferencias significativas en los orificios de entrada de los cucarroncitos cuando se trataron los arboles de aguacate con fenpropatrina, floruro de cryolita NA Al y lambda-cyalotrina-tiametoxam comparado con los arboles testigo. No se observaron diferencias estadísticas en cuanto a la severidad de la enfermedad entre árboles tratados y aquellos no tratados. Sin embargo, modelos de regresión lineal entre el número de orificios por árbol ( x

Coloquio Leibniz (1716-2016) en la semana del ICSA

En conmemoración del tercer centenario del fallecimiento de Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, durante todo el año se llevarán a cabo numerosas actividades académicas. En el marco de la III semana del ICSA, se realizó el Coloquio G.W. Leibniz (1646-1716), organizado por el Cuerpo Académico 82. Las actividades se realizaron el 19 y 20 de abril, con la participación de académicos de la Fes-Acatlán y la UACJ, además de publicar una obra colectiva en coedición UNAM-UACJ

The SAUR19 subfamily of SMALL AUXIN UP RNA genes promote cell expansion

The plant hormone auxin controls numerous aspects of plant growth and development by regulating the expression of hundreds of genes. SMALL AUXIN UP RNA (SAUR) genes comprise the largest family of auxin-responsive genes, but their function is unknown. Although prior studies have correlated the expression of some SAUR genes with auxin-mediated cell expansion, genetic evidence implicating SAURs in cell expansion has not been reported. The Arabidopsis SAUR19, SAUR20, SAUR21, SAUR22, SAUR23, and SAUR24 (SAUR1924) genes encode a subgroup of closely related SAUR proteins. We demonstrate that these SAUR proteins are highly unstable in Arabidopsis. However, the addition of an N-terminal GFP or epitope tag dramatically increases the stability of SAUR proteins. Expression of these stabilized SAUR fusion proteins in Arabidopsis confers numerous auxin-related phenotypes indicative of increased and/or unregulated cell expansion, including increased hypocotyl and leaf size, defective apical hook maintenance, and altered tropic responses. Furthermore, seedlings expressing an artificial microRNA targeting multiple members of the SAUR1924 subfamily exhibit short hypocotyls and reduced leaf size. Together, these findings demonstrate that SAUR1924 function as positive effectors of cell expansion. This regulation may be achieved through the modulation of auxin transport, as SAUR gain-of-function and loss-of-function seedlings exhibit increased and reduced basipetal indole-3-acetic acid transport, respectively. Consistent with this possibility, SAUR1924 proteins predominantly localize to the plasma membrane