Particle filtering of RADAR video signals for pointwise targets

We show here the benefits on radar signal processing, of a general non-linear filtering technique, with ; 9 non-cooperative manoeuvering targets . weak signal/noise ratios. These results follow those published in [12] concerning post-processing of classical radar outputs. The common resolution tool is a particle representation of the probability space via random Dirac measures, whose weight and position are signal-conditioned . Although this approach is developed here for a coherent tracking radar, there are no limitations on the type of radar. Simulation results on particle method's performances are discussed (with weak signal/noise ratio around -10dß) .Il s'agit de montrer les bénéfices obtenus en traitement de base des signaux radar, par une approche globale des problèmes non-linéaires que pose l'extraction optimale de l'information en présence de : . cibles non-coopératives fortement manœuvrantes . faibles rapports signal/bruit. Ces résultats font suite à ceux consignés dans [12] concernant le post-traitement à la sortie d'un radar classique. L'outil de résolution commun est une représentation particulaire de l'espace de probabilité par mesures ponctuelles aléatoires, dont la masse et le support sont conditionnés par le signal. Cette approche est ici développée pour l'extracteur d'un radar de poursuite cohérent, bien qu'elle soit reproductible pour d'autres capteurs. Quelques résultats de simulation illustrent les performances obtenues à l'aide de cette technique (poursuite précise d'une cible manoeuvrante autour de -10dB)

Particle resolution and non-linear signal : processing with RADAR/SONAR applications

This paper introduces a general method for a particle solution to optimal nonlinear estimation in signal processing . We deal here with the class of discrete time Markov processes, to which the estimation problems of RADAR/SONAR signal processing belong. The main feature of particle resolution is that it generates a global picture of the probability space and therefore provides all desirable estimators (maximum likelyhood, minimum variance, etc . . . ). Its algorithmic principle relies on a dynamic version of Monte-Carlo principles and is independant of dynamic complexity (in particular the nature of non-linearities) . It is on the number of noise variables that the size of the number of particles depends, according to resolution accuracy. Convergence is inconditionaly stable under simple hypotheses. As an example, two important non-linear problems which arise in RADAR/SONAR signal processing are dealt with, using this method.Cet article présente une méthode générale de résolution particulaire pour l'estimation optimale non-linéaire en traitement du signal. Les processus considérés sont de la classe markovienne à temps discret, dont les problèmes d'estimation en traitement du signal RADAR/SONAR, pris pour illustration, sont des exemples particuliers. Le propre de la résolution particulaire est d'engendrer une exploration naturelle de l'espace de probabilité et de fournir en conséquence tous les estimateurs désirables (maxima de vraisemblance, minimum de variance,...) constituant une adaptation dynamique de la loi des grands nombres, son principe algorithmique est indépendant de la complexité dynamique (nature des non-linéarités notamment). C'est du nombre de variables "bruit" pilotant le système que dépend le plus ou moins grand nombre de particules suivant la finesse de résolution. La convergence est inconditionnellement stable sous des hypothèses simples que l'on explicite. A titre d'exemple, deux problèmes non-linéaires d'importance rencontrés en traitement du signal RADAR/SONAR sont traités par cette méthode

Quantitative trait loci for head-bug resistance in sorghum

QTLs were mapped in F2 progeny derived from a cross between the head-bug resistant sorghum cultivar Malisor 84-7 and susceptible S 34. The phenotypic evaluation was conducted in Mali. The mapped population consisted of 217 F2 plants, with 345 homologous and heterologous RFLP probes and 49 microsatellite markers tested. Eighty-one RFLP markers revealed polymorphism between the two parents, and 14 microsatellite markers gave usable amplification products. A genetic map including 92 loci distributed over 13 linkage groups, and covering a total distance of 1160 cM was built. Three significant and seven putative QTLs were detected and placed on the ma

Quantitative trait loci for head-bug resistance in sorghum

QTLs were mapped in F2 progeny derived from a cross between the head-bug resistant sorghum cultivar Malisor 84-7 and susceptible S 34. The phenotypic evaluation was conducted in Mali. The mapped population consisted of 217 F2 plants, with 345 homologous and heterologous RFLP probes and 49 microsatellite markers tested. Eighty-one RFLP markers revealed polymorphism between the two parents, and 14 microsatellite markers gave usable amplification products. A genetic map including 92 loci distributed over 13 linkage groups, and covering a total distance of 1160 cM was built. Three significant and seven putative QTLs were detected and placed on the ma

Quantitative trait loci for head-bug resistance in sorghum

QTLs were mapped in F2 progeny derived from a cross between the head-bug resistant sorghum cultivar Malisor 84-7 and susceptible S 34. The phenotypic evaluation was conducted in Mali. The mapped population consisted of 217 F2 plants, with 345 homologous and heterologous RFLP probes and 49 microsatellite markers tested. Eighty-one RFLP markers revealed polymorphism between the two parents, and 14 microsatellite markers gave usable amplification products. A genetic map including 92 loci distributed over 13 linkage groups, and covering a total distance of 1160 cM was built. Three significant and seven putative QTLs were detected and placed on the map

Quantitative trait loci for head-bug resistance in sorghum

QTLs were mapped in F2 progeny derived from a cross between the head-bug resistant sorghum cultivar Malisor 84-7 and susceptible S 34. The phenotypic evaluation was conducted in Mali. The mapped population consisted of 217 F2 plants, with 345 homologous and heterologous RFLP probes and 49 microsatellite markers tested. Eighty-one RFLP markers revealed polymorphism between the two parents, and 14 microsatellite markers gave usable amplification products. A genetic map including 92 loci distributed over 13 linkage groups, and covering a total distance of 1160 cM was built. Three significant and seven putative QTLs were detected and placed on the map

Quantitative trait loci for head bug resistance in sorghum

An experiment was conducted during the 1997/99 cropping seasons, in Mali, France, to study the inheritance for resistance to head bug (Eurystylus oldi) of sorghum progenies using quantitative trait loci (QTL) maps. Cultivars Malisor 84-7 (resistant) and S 34 (susceptible) were used as parents. To build the sorghum genetic map, 345 restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) probes in combination with 6 restriction enzymes (BamHI, DraI, EcoRI, EcoRV, HindIII and SstI) were screened for their ability to reveal polymorphism. Thousand kernel weight (TKW) and germination rate at grain maturity were measured. Head bug damage was assessed visually on a 1 to 9 scale on the infested part of the panicle (NOTF2). Among the 345 RFLP probes, 81 revealed polymorphism between the parents. Additionally, 14 microsatellite markers gave amplification products. The genetic map based on Malisor 84-7 × S 34 includes 13 linkage groups (LGs) covering a total distance of 1160 cM. Three significant and 7 putative QTLs were detected. One QTL for TKW reduction that accounted for 13% of the phenotypic variation was detected on LG C2. For this QTL, resistance is conditioned by the Malisor 84-7 allele and is dominant. Two QTLs were detected on LG D and LG E for visual damage score under natural head bug infestation, explaining 16 and 26% of the phenotypic variation for this trait, respectively. Resistance from the QTL on LG D is conditioned by the S 34 allele, whereas resistance from the QTL on LG E is provided by the Malisor 84-7 allele. In both cases, resistance is recessive. No significant QTLs were detected for NOTF2 and germination rate, but co-localization of 2 putative QTLs for these traits was observed on LG G2, and in both cases, resistance is conditioned by the S 34 allele

Linguistics

Contains table of contents for Section 4, an introduction and abstracts of nine doctoral dissertations